The literature evaluating the technical and socioeconomic outcomes of policy instruments used to support the transition to low-carbon economies is neither easily accessible nor comparable and often provides conflicting results. We develop and implement a framework to systematically review and synthesize the impact of ten types of decarbonization policy instruments on seven technical and socioeconomic outcomes. Our systematic review shows that the selected types of regulatory and economic and financial instruments are generally associated with positive impacts on environmental, technological and innovation outcomes. Several instruments are often associated with short-term negative impacts on competitiveness and distributional outcomes. We discuss how these trade-offs can be reduced or transformed into co-benefits by designing research and development and government procurement, deployment policies, carbon pricing and trading. We show how specific design features can promote competitiveness and reduce negative distributional impacts, particularly for small firms. An online interactive Decarbonisation Policy Evaluation Tool allows further analysis of the evidence.

评估用于支持向低碳经济转型的政策工具的技术和社会经济成果的文献既不易获得，也不易比较，而且往往提供相互矛盾的结果。我们制定并实施了一个框架，系统地审查和综合十种脱碳政策工具对七种技术和社会经济成果的影响。我们的系统审查表明，所选类型的监管和经济和金融工具通常与对环境、技术和创新成果的积极影响有关。一些工具通常与对竞争力和分配结果的短期负面影响有关。我们讨论了如何通过设计研发和政府采购、部署政策、碳定价和交易来减少这些权衡或将其转化为共同利益。我们展示了特定的设计特征如何提高竞争力并减少负面的分配影响，尤其是对小公司而言。在线交互式脱碳政策评估工具允许对证据进行进一步分析。