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Liberty call at sunset: U.S. military retiree bars and the outsourced reproduction of ageing masculinities in Subic Bay, Philippines
cultural geographies ( IF 1.786 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 , DOI: 10.1177/1474474020987245
Mike Hawkins 1
Affiliation  

This article examines the gendered service economy of bars and restaurants catering to ageing US military retirees in Olongapo City, Philippines. During the Cold War, Olongapo housed Subic Bay Naval Base, one of the largest overseas US military installations, and today thousands of former American service members have retired here. A focus on retiree bars reveals how Filipina bartenders and waitresses facilitate an ageing masculinity for these expatriates wherein men’s internalized senses of social, economic, and sexual marginality in the US are seemingly suspended or deferred in the Philippines. Geopolitical histories of US militarism in Asia-Pacific, unequal military basing agreements, and Subic’s so-called hospitality industry endure decades later to naturalize the hierarchies of accommodation between local hostesses and foreign customers. Drawing on – and further developing – geographic scholarship on ageing and masculinities and focusing on the so-called hospitality industry’s shift over time reveals the expectations placed on service workers to accommodate men’s changing needs and desires. Years after Subic’s closure, interviews with bartenders and customers illuminate how decades of entanglement with US militarism have outsourced some of the reproductive labor that sustains this population of ageing retirees in Subic. More than mere bodies sustaining and serving the outsourced needs of ageing service members, however, through bar work Filipina hostesses experience changes to their own geographies of belonging and leverage opportunities to realize their own dreams and desires. The relations in Subic’s retiree bars attest to US militarism’s intimate afterlives and its enduring dependence on the gendered and racialized labor of local populations.



中文翻译:

日落时的自由召唤:菲律宾苏比克湾的美军退休人员酒吧和衰老的男性气概的外包

本文研究了菲律宾奥隆阿波市针对衰老的美军退休人员的酒吧和餐馆的性别服务经济。在冷战期间,奥隆阿波安置了苏比克湾海军基地,这是美国最大的海外军事设施之一,如今,成千上万的前美国服务人员已在这里退休。对退休人员酒吧的关注揭示了菲律宾调酒师和女服务员如何促进这些外籍人士的衰老男性气质,在菲律宾,男性的内在社会,经济和性边缘化意识在菲律宾似乎被中止或推迟了。美国在亚太地区的军国主义的地缘政治历史,不平等的军事基础协议以及苏比克的所谓的酒店业都在数十年后得以延续,以使当地礼仪小姐和外国顾客之间的住宿等级制度更加自然。利用(并进一步发展)关于衰老和男性气质的地理奖学金,并关注所谓的酒店业随着时间的推移,揭示了对服务人员的期望,以适应男性不断变化的需求和欲望。苏比克关闭后的数年,对调酒师和客户的采访表明,数十年来与美国军国主义的纠缠是如何将一些维持苏比克老龄退休人口的生殖劳动外包的。但是,不仅是维持和满足衰老服务成员的外包需求的机构,而且还通过酒吧工作,菲律宾礼仪小姐体验了自己归属地的变化,并利用机会实现了自己的梦想和愿望。

更新日期:2021-01-18
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