• Sorgoleone, a hydrophobic compound exuded from root hair cells of Sorghum spp., accounts for much of the allelopathic activity of the genus. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of this compound have been identified and functionally characterized. Here, we report the successful assembly of the biosynthetic pathway and the significant impact of in vivo synthesized sorgoleone on the heterologous host Nicotiana benthamiana.
• A multigene DNA construct was prepared for the expression of genes required for sorgoleone biosynthesis in planta and deployed in N. benthamiana leaf tissues via Agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression. RNA‐sequencing was conducted to investigate the effects of sorgoleone, via expression of its biosynthesis pathway, on host gene expression.
• The production of sorgoleone in agroinfiltrated leaves as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) resulted in the formation of necrotic lesions, indicating that the compound caused severe phytotoxicity to these tissues. RNA‐sequencing profiling revealed significant changes in gene expression in the leaf tissues expressing the pathway during the formation of sorgoleone‐induced necrotic lesions.
• Transcriptome analysis suggested that the compound produced in vivo impaired the photosynthetic system as a result of downregulated gene expression for the photosynthesis apparatus and elevated expression of proteasomal genes which may play a major role in the phytotoxicity of sorgoleone.

中文翻译：

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体内高粱油酸酯生物合成途径的组装及其对农杆菌渗入叶片的影响

• 高粱油是高粱属植物根毛细胞分泌的一种疏水性化合物，占该属化感作用的大部分。已经鉴定了参与该化合物生物合成的酶并对其功能进行了表征。在这里，我们报告了生物合成途径的成功组装和体内合成的高粱油酸酯对异源宿主烟草本氏烟草的重大影响。
• 准备了一种多基因DNA构建体，用于在植物中表达高粱油烯生物合成所需的基因，并通过农杆菌介导的瞬时表达将其部署在本氏烟草叶组织中。进行了RNA测序以研究高粱油酮通过其生物合成途径的表达对宿主基因表达的影响。
• 通过气相色谱/质谱（GC / MS）检测到，农杆菌渗入的叶片中高粱油酮的产生导致坏死性病变的形成，表明该化合物对这些组织造成了严重的植物毒性。RNA测序分析显示，在高粱油酮诱导的坏死病变形成过程中，表达该途径的叶片组织中基因表达发生了显着变化。
• 转录组分析表明，体内产生的化合物损害了光合作用的光合作用，这是由于光合作用基因的基因表达下调和蛋白酶体基因表达的升高，而蛋白酶体基因的表达可能在高粱醇酮的植物毒性中起主要作用。