In addition to achieving of food security in the long-run, the identification and introduction of sustainable ecosystems is associated with the protection of natural resources and the provision of environmental services that flow from those resources. A paradigm for the production of shallots has arisen in the agroecosystems of Iran to prevent the extinction of the shallot plant, on one hand, and to meet the market demand for this valuable medicinal-industrial product, on the other. This study aimed to identify the most sustainable shallot production system by comparing mechanized, traditional, and conservation shallot production systems with the growth of this plant in its natural habitat in Selseleh County, Iran, during 2018–2019. The analysis was done by calculating net emergy of each system and by reviewing 14 different emergy indices. Soil conservation is very important in the sustainability of agroecosystems. In this regard, a positive evaluation of the energy input structures in a conservation system is based on the soil stability of that system. The results showed that the status of a protected system is optimal based on the values of the Unit Emergy Value (UEV = 6.62E+05 sej J⁻¹), Specific emergy (SE = 7.05E+09 sej g⁻¹), Inverse emergy exchange ratio (IEER = 0.942), and Emergy index of product safety (EIPS = 1) indices and, to some extent, on Renewable emergy ratio (R%), Modified version of the environmental sustainability index (ESI∗), Modified version of the environmental loading ratio (ELR∗), and Emergy invested per $ net profit (EINPR). As a result, the most optimal system was found by increasing the amount of the free environmental renewable input flow (R). The optimal EINPR, Economic emergy efficiency (EEE) and IEER values of the natural habitat indicate the risk of overharvesting shallots from this system, which necessitates paying more attention to protecting the ecosystem and preventing overharvesting. Although a number of indices showed the advantage of the mechanized shallot production system over the other two agroecosystems. However, since an important part of the desirability of a mode of production implied by these indices is related to the share of free environmental inputs that are used in a renewable manner, modes of production that rely heavily on the non-renewable use of free environmental flows and result in soil instability are not preferred, thus a mechanized system is not recommended as the first choice for shallot production. The equality of the EIPS index both in conservation and in natural systems showed the high quality of the crop in the conservation system among the studied crop systems.

除了从长远来看实现粮食安全外，可持续性生态系统的识别和引进还与自然资源的保护以及从这些资源中获得的环境服务的提供有关。伊朗的农业生态系统中出现了一种生产青葱的范例，一方面可以防止青葱植物的灭绝，另一方面可以满足市场对这种有价值的药用工业产品的需求。这项研究旨在通过比较机械化，传统和保护性葱生产系统与该植物在伊朗Selseleh县其自然栖息地在2018-2019年期间的生长情况，确定最可持续的葱生产系统。通过计算每个系统的净能值并查看14个不同的能值指数来进行分析。土壤保护在农业生态系统的可持续性中非常重要。在这方面，对保护系统中能量输入结构的正面评价是基于该系统的土壤稳定性。结果表明，受保护系统的状态基于单位能值（UEV = 6.62E + 05 sej J^-1），比能（SE = 7.05E + 09 sej g ^-1），逆能值交换比（IEER = 0.942）和产品安全能值指数（EIPS = 1）指标，在一定程度上，可再生能值比（R％）为环境可持续性指数的修改版（ESI ∗） ，环境负荷率（ELR ∗）的修改版和Emergy每美元纯利润的投资（EINPR）。结果，通过增加自由环境可再生输入流量（R）的数量找到了最佳系统。自然栖息地的最佳EINPR，经济能效（EEE）和IEER值表明，该系统有过度捕捞胡葱的风险，因此有必要更加注意保护生态系统和防止过度捕捞。尽管许多指标显示了机械化的青葱生产系统相对于其他两个农业生态系统的优势。然而，由于这些指数所隐含的生产方式的重要部分与以可再生方式使用的免费环境投入的份额有关，因此，生产方式严重依赖于不可再生地使用自由环境流量和导致土壤不稳定的结果不是优选的，因此不建议将机械系统作为青葱生产的首选。在保护系统和自然系统中，EIPS指数均相等，表明在所研究的作物系统中，保护系统中作物的品质很高。严重依赖自由环境流量的不可再生使用并导致土壤不稳定的生产方式不是优选的，因此不建议将机械系统作为青葱生产的首选。在保护系统和自然系统中，EIPS指数均相等，表明在所研究的作物系统中，保护系统中作物的品质很高。严重依赖自由环境流量的不可再生使用并导致土壤不稳定的生产方式不是优选的，因此不建议将机械系统作为青葱生产的首选。在保护系统和自然系统中，EIPS指数均相等，表明在所研究的作物系统中，保护系统中作物的品质很高。