Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag-metal reaction and gas-slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.

电渣重熔（ESR）结合了液态金属精炼和凝固组织控制。用于高级钢和合金生产的ESR中液态金属精炼的典型方面之一是脱硫。它涉及炉渣-金属反应和气炉渣反应（气化脱硫）两种模式。本文综述了ESR脱硫技术的进展。评估了工艺参数（包括易耗电极的初始硫含量，重熔气氛，ESR的脱氧方案，炉渣成分，熔融速率和电参数）对ESR脱硫的影响。讨论了ESR过程中脱硫与硫化物夹杂物演变之间的相互关系，描述了在ESR期间以高硫水平生产含硫钢的进展。还提出了未来工作的其余挑战。