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Non-GAAP Earnings: A Consistency and Comparability Crisis?*
Contemporary Accounting Research ( IF 4.041 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 , DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12671
Dirk E. Black 1 , Theodore E. Christensen 2 , Jack T. Ciesielski 3 , Benjamin C. Whipple 2
Affiliation  

We use a novel data set to examine the across-time consistency and across-firm comparability of firms' non-GAAP earnings disclosures. Given widespread concern about non-GAAP reporting among regulators, standard setters, the investor community, and academics, our investigation provides timely evidence on how managers' deviations from their own non-GAAP disclosure history, or the reporting of industry peers, affects how well earnings inform on firm performance. We begin by identifying firms that change their non-GAAP earnings definition from one year to the next. These deviations are uncommon, but when managers change the items they exclude in calculating non-GAAP earnings, the changes generally enhance the information in earnings about firms' core performance. We also examine whether non-GAAP earnings are more comparable than GAAP earnings and find that firms' non-GAAP adjustments result in greater earnings comparability. Finally, we examine instances in which firms deviate from common sector-wide definitions of non-GAAP earnings. We find that these deviations also result in earnings metrics that better represent firms' core operations. Overall, our results suggest that when managers vary their non-GAAP calculations, either across time or across firms, the resulting non-GAAP metrics generally enhance the information in earnings about firms' ongoing performance. Thus, our analysis helps mitigate concerns about why managers might vary their non-GAAP reporting calculations.

中文翻译:

非 GAAP 收益:一致性和可比性危机?*

我们使用一个新的数据集来检查公司非 GAAP 收益披露的跨时间一致性和跨公司可比性。鉴于监管机构、标准制定者、投资者社区和学术界对非 GAAP 报告的广泛关注,我们的调查提供了及时的证据,说明管理人员偏离自己的非 GAAP 披露历史或行业同行的报告如何影响收益反映公司业绩。我们首先确定将非 GAAP 收益定义从一年更改为下一年的公司。这些偏差并不常见,但当管理者更改他们在计算非 GAAP 收益时排除的项目时,这些变化通常会增强有关公司核心绩效的收益信息。我们还研究了非 GAAP 收益是否比 GAAP 收益更具可比性,并发现公司的非 GAAP 调整导致更大的收益可比性。最后,我们研究了公司偏离非 GAAP 收益的通用行业定义的实例。我们发现这些偏差也会导致收益指标更能代表公司的核心业务。总的来说,我们的结果表明,当管理者改变他们的非 GAAP 计算时,无论是跨时间还是跨公司,由此产生的非 GAAP 指标通常会增强有关公司持续业绩的收益信息。因此,我们的分析有助于减轻有关管理人员可能会改变其非 GAAP 报告计算的担忧。我们研究了公司偏离非 GAAP 收益的通用行业定义的实例。我们发现这些偏差也会导致收益指标更能代表公司的核心业务。总的来说,我们的结果表明,当管理者改变他们的非 GAAP 计算时,无论是跨时间还是跨公司,由此产生的非 GAAP 指标通常会增强有关公司持续业绩的收益信息。因此,我们的分析有助于减轻有关管理人员可能会改变其非 GAAP 报告计算的担忧。我们研究了公司偏离非 GAAP 收益的通用行业定义的实例。我们发现这些偏差也会导致收益指标更能代表公司的核心业务。总的来说,我们的结果表明,当管理者改变他们的非 GAAP 计算时,无论是跨时间还是跨公司,由此产生的非 GAAP 指标通常会增强有关公司持续业绩的收益信息。因此,我们的分析有助于减轻有关管理人员可能会改变其非 GAAP 报告计算的担忧。无论是跨时间还是跨公司,由此产生的非 GAAP 指标通常都会增强有关公司持续业绩的收益信息。因此,我们的分析有助于减轻有关管理人员可能会改变其非 GAAP 报告计算的担忧。无论是跨时间还是跨公司,由此产生的非 GAAP 指标通常都会增强有关公司持续业绩的收益信息。因此,我们的分析有助于减轻有关管理人员可能会改变其非 GAAP 报告计算的担忧。
更新日期:2021-01-16
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