Bendiocarb is a broad-spectrum insecticide recommended for malaria control by the World Health Organization (WHO). Still, bendiocarb poses a toxic risk to populations of nontargeted aquatic organisms. Thus, our study was aimed to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of bendiocarb exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos by assessing of physiological, developmental, and biochemical parameters. Bendiocarb-induced adverse effects on embryonic development, larval growth, heart rate, changes in phase II detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, oxidative stress-related enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), and the damage-linked biomarker lipid peroxidation (LPO) in early life stage zebrafish were investigated. Our results highlight that the selected nonlethal concentrations (96 h median lethal concentration in this study was 32.52 mg/L⁻¹) of bendiocarb inflicted adverse effects resulting in embryo deformities (96 h EC₅₀ = 2.30 mg L⁻¹), reduced body- and notochord length (above 0.75 and 0.39 mg L⁻¹ bendiocarb concentrations at 96 hpf, respectively), oxidative stress, and altered heart rate (above 0.4 mg L⁻¹ at 48 hpf) in the studied model system.

中文翻译：

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斑马鱼胚胎对亚苄硫威亚致死暴露的生理，发育和生物标记反应

Bendiocarb是世界卫生组织（WHO）建议用于控制疟疾的广谱杀虫剂。尽管如此，苯达威威仍对非目标水生生物种群构成毒性风险。因此，我们的研究旨在评估苯达威威暴露对斑马鱼的亚致死作用（Danio rerio），通过评估生理，发育和生化参数来确定胚胎。苯达威威对胚胎发育，幼虫生长，心率，II期解毒酶谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性，氧化应激相关酶活性（超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT））的不利影响，并研究了斑马鱼生命早期阶段的损伤相关生物标志物脂质过氧化（LPO）。我们的结果突出表明，选定的非致死浓度（本研究中96 h的平均致死浓度为32.52 mg / L ^-1）苯达威可产生不利影响，导致胚胎畸形（96 h EC ₅₀ = 2.30 mg L ^-1），从而降低了和脊索长度（大于0.75和0.39 mg L ^-1在研究的模型系统中，苯碘威浓度分别为96 hpf时的浓度，氧化应激和心率变化（48 hpf时高于0.4 mg L ^-1）。