Re-introduction and translocation are conservation strategies often employed to circumvent declining wild orchid populations but their efficacy as conservation strategies is widely debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy of re-introduction and translocation strategies for an endangered orchid as its climate changed. Vital rates of the wild, re-introduced and translocated populations of an endangered terrestrial orchid Caladenia amoena were compared from 2008 to 2019. Emergence and flowering declined at significantly faster rates in the translocated and re-introduced populations than in the wild population. Emergence and flowering declined as mean maximum temperatures rose, whereas flowering increased with rainfall. Both emergence and flowering were positively correlated with the length of the growing period, which decreased by >33% during the study. The relevant orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) (Serendipita sp.) were more abundant in soil at the wild population than at the translocated or re-introduced populations. However, the limited soil sampling used to minimise disturbance may not have detected true fungal heterogeneity. This study suggests that translocation and re-introduction may not be effective long-term solutions for C. amoena. Reduction in above-ground growing period length was probably the over-riding influence in the decline of all populations. Greater OMF abundance in the soil may be the critical factor that renders the wild population more able to withstand the influences of climate change. Future research should consider methods to reduce the impacts of increased temperature and reduced rainfall on threatened orchid taxa.

再引入和易位是经常采用的保护策略来规避野生兰花种群的减少，但是其作为保护策略的功效受到了广泛的争议。这项研究的目的是研究随着气候变化，濒危兰花的重新引入和易位策略的长期效果。濒临灭绝的陆地兰花Caladenia amoena的野生，再引入和易位种群的生命率比较了2008年至2019年的情况。易位和重新引入的种群的出现和开花下降的速度明显快于野生种群。随着最高平均温度的升高，出苗和开花下降，而开花随降雨增加。出苗和开花都与生育期的长度呈正相关，在研究过程中下降了> 33％。与野生种群相比，野生种群中相关的兰花菌根真菌（OMF）（Serendipita sp。）在土壤中的含量更高。但是，用于最小化干扰的有限土壤采样可能尚未检测到真正的真菌异质性。这项研究表明，易位和重新引入可能不是长期有效的解决方案C. amoena。减少地上生育期长度可能是对所有种群减少的最主要影响。土壤中的OMF含量较高可能是导致野生种群更能承受气候变化影响的关键因素。未来的研究应考虑减少温度升高和降雨量减少对濒危兰花类群的影响的方法。