Medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds have recently gained more interest in biological research as an important source of novel drug candidates. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) is a widely distributed herbal medicinal plant naturally used in Ayurvedic medicine in Bangladesh. The present study focused on exploring the biological potential as well as the inhibitory effect of EAC cell growth with a comparative analysis between Phyllanthus acidus fruit pulp and seed. Crude methanol extract of P. acidus (MEPA) fruit pulp and seed was assessed as DPPH and NO free radical scavengers. While Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, the standard protocol of phytochemical screening and hemagglutination assay were performed successively to determine the toxic effect on normal cells, the identification of some crucial phytochemicals, and the existence of lectin protein. EAC (Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma) cell growth inhibition was determined by hemocytometer and morphological changes of EAC cells were observed by a fluorescence microscope using Swiss albino mice. The IC₅₀ value of MEPA fruit pulp and seed was obtained as 57.159 µg/ml and 288.743 µg/ml respectively where minimal toxic effects on Brine Shrimp nauplii demonstrates that it is a good source of natural antioxidant compounds. Again, MEPA fruit pulp and seed-mediated effective agglutination of mouse blood erythrocyte strongly support the presence of lectin protein. Furthermore, MEPA fruit pulp and seed extract-treated EAC cells showed 65.71% and 28.57% growth inhibition respectively. The fluorescent microscopic examination of EAC cells treated with MEPA fruit pulp has shown more remarkable structural changes in the nucleus than that of seed. Based on the above findings, the present study reveals that MEPA fruit pulp can be considered as a novel biological candidate for the treatment of fatal diseases shortly.

作为新候选药物的重要来源，药用植物衍生的生物活性化合物最近在生物学研究中引起了更多兴趣。余甘草（Phyllanthus acidus（L.））是广泛分布的草药植物，天然用于孟加拉国的阿育吠陀医学。本研究的重点是通过对余甘子果肉和种子进行比较分析，探索EAC细胞生长的生物学潜力和抑制作用。酸假单胞菌的粗甲醇提取物（MEPA）果肉和种子被评估为DPPH和NO自由基清除剂。在进行盐水虾致死性生物测定时，相继进行了标准的植物化学筛选和血凝测定实验，以确定其对正常细胞的毒性作用，某些重要植物化学物质的鉴定以及凝集素蛋白的存在。用血细胞计数器测定EAC（艾氏腹水癌）细胞的生长抑制作用，并使用瑞士白化病小鼠通过荧光显微镜观察EAC细胞的形态变化。IC ₅₀获得的MEPA果肉和种子的Mg值分别为57.159 µg / ml和288.743 µg / ml，其中对盐水虾无节幼体的最小毒性表明它是天然抗氧化剂化合物的良好来源。同样，MEAP果肉和种子介导的小鼠血红细胞的有效凝集强烈支持凝集素蛋白的存在。此外，经MEPA果肉和种子提取物处理的EAC细胞分别显示出65.71％和28.57％的生长抑制。用MEPA果肉处理的EAC细胞的荧光显微镜检查显示，核中的结构变化比种子更明显。基于以上发现，本研究表明，MEAP果肉可以被认为是一种用于治疗致命疾病的新型生物学候选药物。