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Review on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in vegetation remote sensing
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ( IF 12.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.12.010
Teja Kattenborn , Jens Leitloff , Felix Schiefer , Stefan Hinz

Identifying and characterizing vascular plants in time and space is required in various disciplines, e.g. in forestry, conservation and agriculture. Remote sensing emerged as a key technology revealing both spatial and temporal vegetation patterns. Harnessing the ever growing streams of remote sensing data for the increasing demands on vegetation assessments and monitoring requires efficient, accurate and flexible methods for data analysis. In this respect, the use of deep learning methods is trend-setting, enabling high predictive accuracy, while learning the relevant data features independently in an end-to-end fashion. Very recently, a series of studies have demonstrated that the deep learning method of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is very effective to represent spatial patterns enabling to extract a wide array of vegetation properties from remote sensing imagery. This review introduces the principles of CNN and distils why they are particularly suitable for vegetation remote sensing. The main part synthesizes current trends and developments, including considerations about spectral resolution, spatial grain, different sensors types, modes of reference data generation, sources of existing reference data, as well as CNN approaches and architectures. The literature review showed that CNN can be applied to various problems, including the detection of individual plants or the pixel-wise segmentation of vegetation classes, while numerous studies have evinced that CNN outperform shallow machine learning methods. Several studies suggest that the ability of CNN to exploit spatial patterns particularly facilitates the value of very high spatial resolution data. The modularity in the common deep learning frameworks allows a high flexibility for the adaptation of architectures, whereby especially multi-modal or multi-temporal applications can benefit. An increasing availability of techniques for visualizing features learned by CNNs will not only contribute to interpret but to learn from such models and improve our understanding of remotely sensed signals of vegetation. Although CNN has not been around for long, it seems obvious that they will usher in a new era of vegetation remote sensing.



中文翻译:

卷积神经网络在植被遥感中的研究进展

在各个领域,例如在林业,自然保护和农业中,需要在时间和空间上识别和表征维管植物。遥感技术成为揭示空间和时间植被格局的一项关键技术。利用不断增长的遥感数据流来满足对植被评估和监测的日益增长的需求,这需要高效,准确和灵活的数据分析方法。在这方面,深度学习方法的使用是趋势设定,可实现较高的预测准确性,同时以端到端的方式独立学习相关数据特征。最近,一系列研究表明,卷积神经网络(CNN)的深度学习方法非常有效地表示空间模式,能够从遥感影像中提取各种各样的植被特性。这篇综述介绍了CNN的原理并说明了为什么它们特别适合于植被遥感。主要部分综合了当前的趋势和发展,包括有关光谱分辨率,空间粒度,不同传感器类型,参考数据生成模式,现有参考数据源以及CNN方法和体系结构的注意事项。文献综述表明,CNN可以应用于各种问题,包括单个植物的检测或植被类别的像素级分割,而大量研究表明,CNN优于浅层机器学习方法。多项研究表明,CNN利用空间模式的能力特别有助于提高非常高的空间分辨率数据的价值。通用深度学习框架中的模块化为架构的适应提供了高度的灵活性,因此,尤其是多模式或多时间的应用程序可以从中受益。可视化CNN所学特征的技术的可用性不断提高,不仅有助于解释,而且可以从此类模型中学习,并提高我们对遥感植被信号的理解。尽管CNN尚未出现很长时间,但显然它们将迎来植被遥感的新时代。多项研究表明,CNN利用空间模式的能力特别有助于提高非常高的空间分辨率数据的价值。通用深度学习框架中的模块化为架构的适应提供了高度的灵活性,因此,尤其是多模式或多时间的应用程序可以从中受益。可视化CNN所学特征的技术的可用性不断提高,不仅有助于解释,而且可以从此类模型中学习,并提高我们对遥感植被信号的理解。尽管CNN尚未出现很长时间,但显然它们将迎来植被遥感的新时代。多项研究表明,CNN利用空间模式的能力特别有助于提高非常高的空间分辨率数据的价值。通用深度学习框架中的模块化为架构的适应提供了高度的灵活性,因此,尤其是多模式或多时间的应用程序可以从中受益。可视化CNN所学特征的技术的可用性不断提高,不仅有助于解释,而且可以从此类模型中学习,并提高我们对遥感植被信号的理解。尽管CNN尚未出现很长时间,但显然它们将迎来植被遥感的新时代。通用深度学习框架中的模块化为架构的适应提供了高度的灵活性,因此,尤其是多模式或多时间的应用程序可以从中受益。可视化CNN所学特征的技术的可用性不断提高,不仅有助于解释,而且可以从此类模型中学习,并提高我们对遥感植被信号的理解。尽管CNN尚未出现很长时间,但显然它们将迎来植被遥感的新时代。通用深度学习框架中的模块化为架构的适应提供了高度的灵活性,因此,尤其是多模式或多时间的应用程序可以从中受益。可视化CNN所学特征的技术的可用性不断提高,不仅有助于解释,而且可以从此类模型中学习,并提高我们对遥感植被信号的理解。尽管CNN尚未出现很长时间,但显然它们将迎来植被遥感的新时代。可视化CNN所学特征的技术的可用性不断提高,不仅有助于解释,而且可以从此类模型中学习,并提高我们对遥感植被信号的理解。尽管CNN尚未出现很长时间,但显然它们将迎来植被遥感的新时代。可视化CNN所学特征的技术的可用性不断提高,不仅有助于解释,而且可以从此类模型中学习,并提高我们对遥感植被信号的理解。尽管CNN尚未出现很长时间,但显然它们将迎来植被遥感的新时代。

更新日期:2021-01-18
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