The continuous increase in engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) usage in environmental, industrial and agricultural applications is known to be associated with their further release to the environment. Recently, the presence of nanoparticles in wastewater and sewage systems has become one of the negotiable topics taking the attention of many scientists. ENPs can be evaluated as pollutants that must be eliminated from wastewater before being discharged to the aquatic and soil environment due to their potential toxicity risks. However, the supportive role of ENPs in the wastewater treatment process is discovered recently highlighting their possible usage in different treatment methods. ENPs can offer novel opportunities for the development of new generation water treatment systems, as they enable modular and multifunctional treatment solutions. This review paper focuses mainly on the effects of ENPs’ presence in wastewater and activated sludge. Besides, the paper discusses the beneficial usage and possible applications of ENPs in different treatment technologies enhancing the treatment process in detail.

已知在环境，工业和农业应用中工程化纳米颗粒（ENP）用量的不断增加与其向环境中的进一步释放有关。最近，废水和污水处理系统中纳米粒子的存在已成为许多科学家关注的可商谈话题之一。ENP可被评估为污染物，由于其潜在的毒性风险，必须先从废水中消除，然后再排放到水生和土壤环境中。但是，最近发现了ENP在废水处理过程中的支持作用，突显了它们在不同处理方法中的可能用途。ENP可以提供模块化和多功能的处理解决方案，因此可以为新一代水处理系统的开发提供新的机遇。这篇综述文章主要关注ENP在废水和活性污泥中的影响。此外，本文还详细讨论了ENP在不同处理技术中的有益用法和可能的应用，从而增强了处理过程。