Increased industrial and domestic activities have induced pollution, global warming and resources depletion, calling for advanced remediation techniques. For instance, biochar synthesized from waste materials is an ecofriendly and low-cost material for the remediation of contaminants, yet raw biochar is poorly efficient. Therefore, biochar properties can be improved by ultrasonication, metal impregnation, surfactant modification, microwave, electrochemical and plasma treatment techniques. Biochar properties include adsorption capacity, active surface area, uniform distribution of pores, chemical attributes and mechanical stability. Engineered biochar thus exhibits high contaminant removal efficiency of 90–99%, tolerance to wide range of pH of 3–9 and high specific surface area of more than 400 cm³/g. For example, modified cornstalk biochar displays mercury adsorption capacity of 269.4 mg/g. The usage of magnetic biochar allows a β-estradiol adsorption capacity of 98.8 mg/g. Engineered biochar can act as an ecofriendly soil amendment and a highly efficient tool to recover contaminants from water systems.

工业和家庭活动的增加导致了污染，全球变暖和资源枯竭，因此需要先进的修复技术。例如，由废料合成的生物炭是一种用于修复污染物的环保且低成本的材料，而原始生物炭效率低下。因此，可通过超声处理，金属浸渍，表面活性剂改性，微波，电化学和等离子体处理技术来改善生物炭的性能。生物炭特性包括吸附能力，有效表面积，孔的均匀分布，化学属性和机械稳定性。因此，经过工程改造的生物炭具有90-99％的高污染物去除效率，对3-9的pH范围的宽容度以及超过400 cm ^3的高比表面积/G。例如，改性的玉米秸秆生物炭显示出269.4 mg / g的汞吸附能力。磁性生物炭的使用使β-雌二醇的吸附能力达到98.8 mg / g。工程化的生物炭可以作为一种生态友好型土壤改良剂，并且是一种从水系统中回收污染物的高效工具。