Most actual medicine materials are derived from fossil fuel resources, thus accentuating pollution and climate change, calling for alternative, sustainable materials. For example, cellulose nanofibers possess high specific surface area, high mechanical strength, reactive surface, biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, and low cost. Here, I review pharmaceutical applications of cellulose nanofibers in controlled drug delivery, excipient, wound healing dressing material, anticancer, antimicrobial, and transdermal drug delivery. Methods to prepare cellulose nanofiber-based hydrogels, with a focus on three-dimensional printing, and applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering, are detailed. Cellulose nanofiber films show drug entrapment efficiency of more than 90%, thus facilitating the release of hydrophobic drugs, e.g. indomethacin in 15–30 days and itraconazole up to 3 months. Cellulose nanofibers as excipient are increasing the tensile strength of tablets, and enhancing the stability of emulsion by viscosity modification. Cellulose nanofibers wound dressing revealed high biocompatibility and rapid epithelialization of burn wounds in 11–21 days. Anticancer drug-loaded hydrogels exhibited the highest drug release at pH 7.4 by diffusion. Additionally, I present 14 miscellaneous biomedical applications of cellulose nanofibers for blood vessel, nucleus pulposus replacement, enzyme immobilization, cardiac, ophthalmic, and neural tissue engineering.

大多数实际的医药材料都来自化石燃料资源，因此加剧了污染和气候变化，需要替代性的可持续材料。例如，纤维素纳米纤维具有高的比表面积，高的机械强度，反应性表面，生物相容性，生物降解性，无毒性和低成本。在这里，我回顾了纤维素纳米纤维在受控药物输送，赋形剂，伤口愈合敷料，抗癌，抗菌和透皮药物输送中的药物应用。详细介绍了制备纤维素纳米纤维基水凝胶的方法，重点是三维打印以及在药物递送和组织工程中的应用。纤维素纳米纤维薄膜显示出超过90％的药物截留效率，因此有助于释放疏水性药物，例如 消炎痛在15至30天之内，伊曲康唑长达3个月。纤维素纳米纤维作为赋形剂可提高片剂的拉伸强度，并通过粘度调节增强乳液的稳定性。纤维素纳米纤维伤口敷料在11–21天内显示出高度的生物相容性和烧伤创面的快速上皮形成。通过扩散，负载有抗癌药物的水凝胶在pH 7.4时显示出最高的药物释放。此外，我介绍了纤维素纳米纤维在血管，髓核置换，酶固定，心脏，眼科和神经组织工程学方面的14种其他生物医学应用。纤维素纳米纤维伤口敷料在11–21天内显示出高度的生物相容性和烧伤创面的快速上皮形成。通过扩散，负载有抗癌药物的水凝胶在pH 7.4时显示出最高的药物释放。此外，我介绍了纤维素纳米纤维在血管，髓核置换，酶固定，心脏，眼科和神经组织工程学方面的14种其他生物医学应用。纤维素纳米纤维伤口敷料在11–21天内显示出高度的生物相容性和烧伤创面的快速上皮形成。通过扩散，负载有抗癌药物的水凝胶在pH 7.4时显示出最高的药物释放。此外，我介绍了纤维素纳米纤维在血管，髓核置换，酶固定，心脏，眼科和神经组织工程学方面的14种其他生物医学应用。