Groundwater demand has increased due to overpopulation and intensive irrigation which resulted in decline of water resources and deterioration of water quality. In this view, a microlevel study was conducted through hydrogeochemical investigation and resistivity survey (VES) in Kalanad river basin, Kasaragod, Kerala. The study aims to determine the spatial variations in physicochemical parameters with delineation of geological layers of the study area through VES. Hydrogeochemical investigation and water suitability assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes were confined to open well water samples of the study area. The sample analysis and comparison with various standards (WHO and BIS) show that the groundwater is not entirely fit for drinking with respect to pH. Almost all samples fall within standard values as per the irrigation water quality indices. The chemical nature of the groundwater samples was dominated by alkalies and majority of the samples belonged to sodium chloride type. This study also dealt with the interpretation of hydrogeochemical data using correlation and R mode factor analyses. VES was carried out at seven locations, and the apparent resistivity values obtained had been analysed. The interpretation delineated a maximum of four geologic layers in the study area. The sequence of geologic formation is composed of highly resistive top lateritic soil followed by saturated zone and then the basement topography in the entire basin.

人口过多和密集灌溉导致地下水需求增加，导致水资源减少和水质恶化。据此，在喀拉拉邦卡萨拉戈德的卡拉纳德河流域，通过水文地球化学调查和电阻率调查（VES）进行了微观研究。这项研究旨在通过VES确定研究区域的地质层来确定理化参数的空间变化。用于饮用水和灌溉目的的水文地球化学调查和水适用性评估仅限于研究区域的井水样品。样品分析和与各种标准（WHO和BIS）的比较表明，就pH而言，地下水并不完全适合饮用。根据灌溉水质指数，几乎所有样品都在标准值之内。地下水样品的化学性质主要受碱的影响，大多数样品属于氯化钠类型。本研究还使用相关性和R模式因子分析处理了水文地球化学数据的解释。在七个位置进行了VES，并分析了获得的视电阻率值。该解释划定了研究区域内最多四个地质层。地质形成的顺序是由高电阻的顶部红土土壤，然后是饱和带，然后是整个盆地的基底地形。本研究还使用相关性和R模式因子分析处理了水文地球化学数据的解释。在七个位置进行了VES，并分析了获得的视电阻率值。该解释划定了研究区域内最多四个地质层。地质形成的顺序是由高电阻的顶部红土土壤，然后是饱和带，然后是整个盆地的基底地形。本研究还使用相关性和R模式因子分析处理了水文地球化学数据的解释。在七个位置进行了VES，并分析了获得的视电阻率值。该解释划定了研究区域内最多四个地质层。地质形成的顺序是由高电阻的顶部红土土壤，然后是饱和带，然后是整个盆地的基底地形。