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Behavioral convergence in humans and animals
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 , DOI: 10.1126/science.abf7572
Kim Hill 1 , Robert Boyd 1
Affiliation  

Local ecology combines with culture to produce behavioral variation in hunter-gatherers Over the 20th century, the social sciences developed without taking much notice of humans' nature as products of evolution. In the 1970s this attitude was challenged by behavioral biologists (1, 2) who asserted that general principles concerning the behavior of life forms must also be relevant to understanding human behavior. They argued that because human cognition and emotions had evolved by natural selection, these behavior-generating mechanisms should generally shape behavior so that it maximizes biological fitness. Not all social scientists agreed. Cultural anthropologists, in particular, were mostly aghast at the rigidly scientific and overtly biological nature of this perspective, viewing it as blatantly flawed (3). They claimed that differences between and within human societies were mainly due to variant cultural belief systems. On page 292 of this issue, Barsbai et al. (4) show that adaptation to local ecological conditions is an important determinant of variation in human behavior in traditional societies.

中文翻译:

人类和动物的行为趋同

当地生态与文化相结合,导致狩猎采集者的行为变异 20 世纪,社会科学的发展并未过多关注人类作为进化产物的本性。在 1970 年代,这种态度受到行为生物学家 (1, 2) 的挑战,他们断言关于生命形式行为的一般原则也必须与理解人类行为相关。他们认为,由于人类的认知和情感是通过自然选择进化而来的,因此这些行为产生机制通常应该塑造行为,从而最大限度地提高生物适应性。并非所有社会科学家都同意。尤其是文化人类学家,对这种观点严格的科学性和明显的生物学性质大为震惊,认为它存在明显的缺陷(3)。他们声称,人类社会之间和内部的差异主要是由于不同的文化信仰体系。在本期第 292 页,Barsbai 等人。(4) 表明适应当地生态条件是传统社会中人类行为变化的重要决定因素。
更新日期:2021-01-14
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