The aggressive search for renewable energy resources and essential pyrosynthetic compounds has marked an exponential rise in the thermal degradation of biomass materials. Consequently, clean and sustainable transport fuels are increasingly desirable in a highly industrialized economy, for energy security and environmental protection. For this reason, biomass materials have been identified as promising alternatives to fossil fuels despite the challenges resulting from the possible formation of toxic nitrogen-based molecules during biomass degradation. In order to understand the free radical characteristic challenges facing the use of bio-oil, a brief review of the effects of free radicals in bio-oil is presented. Pyrolysis was conducted in a tubular flow quartz reactor at a residence time of 2 s at 1 atm. pressure, for a total pyrolysis time of 5 min. The thermal degradation of biomass components was investigated over the temperature range of 200 to 700 °C typically in 50 °C increments under two reaction conditions; pyrolysis in N2 and oxidative pyrolysis in 5% O2 in N2. The pyrolysate effluent was analysed using a Gas chromatograph hyphenated to a mass selective detector (MSD). The yield of levoglucosan in the pyrolysis of cellulose in the entire pyrolysis temperature range was 68.2 wt % under inert conditions and 28.8 wt % under oxidative conditions. On the other hand, formaldehyde from pyrolysis of cellulose yielded 4 wt % while that from oxidative pyrolysis was 7 wt % translating to ⁓ 1.8 times higher than the yield from pyrolysis. Accordingly, we present for the first time dioxin-like and dibenzofuran-like nitrogenated analogues from an equimassic pyrolysis of cellulose and tyrosine. Levoglucosan and formaldehyde were completely inhibited during the equimassic pyrolysis of cellulose and tyrosine. Clearly, any small amounts of N-biomass components such as amino acids in cellulosic biomass materials can inhibit the formation of levoglucosan–a major constituent of bio-oil. Overall, a judicious balance between the production of bio-oil and side products resulting from amino acids present in plant matter should be taken into account to minimize economic losses and mitigate against negative public health concerns.

中文翻译：

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来自生物质材料热解的二恶英和二苯并呋喃类分子类似物–生物油生产中的新挑战

对可再生能源和必不可少的热合成化合物的积极探索标志着生物质材料热降解的指数级增长。因此，在高度工业化的经济中，为了能源安全和环境保护，越来越需要清洁和可持续的运输燃料。由于这个原因，尽管生物质降解过程中可能形成有毒的氮基分子带来了挑战，但生物质材料仍被认为是化石燃料的有前途的替代品。为了理解使用生物油所面临的自由基特性挑战，本文简要介绍了自由基在生物油中的作用。在管状流式石英反应器中以1 atm的停留时间2 s进行热解。压力，总热解时间为5分钟。在两个反应条件下，通常以50°C的增量在200至700°C的温度范围内研究了生物质组分的热降解。在N2中进行热解，在5％O2中进行氧化热解。使用连接到质量选择检测器（MSD）的气相色谱仪分析热解产物流出物。在整个热解温度范围内，在纤维素的热解中左旋葡聚糖的产率在惰性条件下为68.2重量％，在氧化条件下为28.8重量％。另一方面，纤维素热解产生的甲醛含量为4 wt％，而氧化热解产生的甲醛含量为7 wt％，比热解产率高出约1.8倍。因此，我们首次提出了等量热解纤维素和酪氨酸的二恶英类和二苯并呋喃类含氮类似物。纤维素和酪氨酸的等质量热解过程中，左旋葡聚糖和甲醛被完全抑制。显然，纤维素生物质材料中的任何少量N-生物质成分（例如氨基酸）都可以抑制左旋葡聚糖的形成，左旋葡聚糖是生物油的主要成分。总体而言，应考虑到植物油中氨基酸产生的生物油和副产品之间的合理平衡，以最大程度地减少经济损失并减轻负面的公共卫生问题。纤维素生物质材料中的任何少量N生物质成分（例如氨基酸）都可以抑制左旋葡聚糖的形成，左旋葡聚糖是生物油的主要成分。总体而言，应考虑到植物油中氨基酸产生的生物油和副产品之间的合理平衡，以最大程度地减少经济损失并减轻负面的公共卫生问题。纤维素生物质材料中的任何少量N生物质成分（例如氨基酸）都可以抑制左旋葡聚糖的形成，左旋葡聚糖是生物油的主要成分。总体而言，应考虑到植物油中氨基酸产生的生物油和副产品之间的合理平衡，以最大程度地减少经济损失并减轻负面的公共卫生问题。