Background:People with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) are less active than their age-matched peers. Non-motor symptoms, specifically, deficient motivation, may influence decision-making for exercise due to the impaired mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine if effort-based decision-making for physical effort was different in PwPD compared to healthy controls. We sought to determine the relationship between effort-based decision making for exercise and a discrete motor task as well as the impact of components of motivation on decision-making for physical effort in PwPD. Methods:An effort-based decision-making paradigm using a discrete motor task (button pressing) and a continuous exercise task (cycling) was implemented in 32 PwPD and 23 healthy controls. Components of motivation were measured using the Apathy Scale and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale- Anticipatory Pleasure scale. Results:The presence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) did not moderate decisions for either physical effort task. There was a moderate correlation between decisions for both tasks, within each group. The anticipation of pleasure and apathy were predictors of decisions for both physical effort tasks in PwPD, but not in healthy controls. Conclusion:PwPD responded similarly to effort and reward valuations compared to those without PD. Individuals were consistent in their decisions, regardless of the physical effort task. The anticipation of pleasure and apathy were significant predictors of decisions for exercise in PwPD only. Increased anticipation of pleasure, reduction of apathy, and the use of rewards may enhance engagement in high effort exercise among PwPD.

中文翻译：

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帕金森病患者基于努力的运动决策

背景：帕金森病 (PwPD) 患者的活动量低于同龄人。由于中脑边缘多巴胺能通路受损，非运动症状，特别是缺乏动力，可能会影响运动决策。目的：本研究的目的是确定 PwPD 与健康对照组相比，基于努力的体力消耗决策是否不同。我们试图确定基于努力的运动决策与离散运动任务之间的关系，以及动机组成部分对 PwPD 体力努力决策的影响。方法：在 32 名 PwPD 和 23 名健康对照组中实施了使用离散运动任务（按钮按下）和连续锻炼任务（骑自行车）的基于努力的决策范式。使用冷漠量表和快乐量表的时间体验 - 预期快乐量表测量动机的组成部分。结果：帕金森病 (PD) 的存在不会影响任何一项体力任务的决策。在每组内，两项任务的决策之间存在适度的相关性。对快乐和冷漠的预期是 PwPD 中两项体力任务决策的预测指标，但在健康对照组中则不然。结论：与没有 PD 的人相比，PwPD 对努力和奖励估值的反应相似。无论体力任务如何，个人的决定都是一致的。对快乐和冷漠的预期仅是 PwPD 运动决定的重要预测因素。增加对快乐的期待，减少冷漠，