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Beamforming Optimization for MIMO Wireless Power Transfer with Nonlinear Energy Harvesting: RF Combining versus DC Combining
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications ( IF 10.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1109/twc.2020.3024064
Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

In this article, we study the multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) wireless power transfer (WPT) system so as to enhance the output DC power of the rectennas. To that end, we revisit the rectenna nonlinearity considering multiple receive antennas. Two combining schemes for multiple rectennas at the receiver, DC and RF combinings, are modeled and analyzed. For DC combining, we optimize the transmit beamforming, adaptive to the channel state information (CSI), so as to maximize the total output DC power. For RF combining, we compute a closed-form solution of the optimal transmit and receive beamforming. In addition, we propose a practical RF combining circuit using RF phase shifter and RF power combiner and also optimize the analog receive beamforming adaptive to CSI. We also analytically derive the scaling laws of the output DC power as a function of the number of transmit and receive antennas. Those scaling laws confirm the benefits of using multiple antennas at the transmitter or receiver. They also highlight that RF combining significantly outperforms DC combining since it leverages the rectenna nonlinearity more efficiently. Two types of performance evaluations, based on the nonlinear rectenna model and based on realistic and accurate rectenna circuit simulations, are provided. The evaluations demonstrate that the output DC power can be linearly increased by using multiple rectennas at the receiver and that the relative gain of RF combining versus DC combining in terms of the output DC power level is very significant, of the order of 240% in a one-transmit antenna ten-receive antenna setup.

中文翻译:

具有非线性能量收集的 MIMO 无线功率传输波束成形优化:RF 组合与 DC 组合

在本文中,我们研究了多输入多输出 (MIMO) 无线电力传输 (WPT) 系统,以增强整流天线的输出直流功率。为此,我们重新审视了考虑多个接收天线的整流天线非线性。对接收端多个整流天线的两种组合方案,DC 和 RF 组合进行建模和分析。对于 DC 组合,我们优化了发射波束成形,适应信道状态信息 (CSI),以最大化总输出 DC 功率。对于 RF 组合,我们计算最佳发射和接收波束成形的封闭形式解。此外,我们提出了一种使用射频移相器和射频功率组合器的实用射频组合电路,并优化了适应 CSI 的模拟接收波束成形。我们还通过分析推导出输出 DC 功率随发射和接收天线数量的变化规律。这些缩放定律证实了在发射器或接收器上使用多个天线的好处。他们还强调,RF 组合显着优于 DC 组合,因为它更有效地利用了整流天线的非线性。提供了两种类型的性能评估,基于非线性整流天线模型和基于真实准确的整流天线电路仿真。评估表明,通过在接收器处使用多个整流天线,可以线性增加输出 DC 功率,并且在输出 DC 功率电平方面,RF 组合与 DC 组合的相对增益非常显着,大约为 240%。一个发射天线十个接收天线设置。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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