A selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide, gold nanoparticles, and molecularly imprinted poly 2-aminophenol was developed for electrochemical determination of flutamide in environmental and biological samples. The composite fabrication was electrochemically carried out and the composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The spectroscopic results showed that polymerization of molecularly imprinted poly 2-aminophenol took place through a ladder structure system. After optimization of effective parameters on the response of the sensor, the obtained linear range, relative standard deviation (for a concentration of 50 μg L⁻¹ with five replicates) and limit of quantification for flutamide determination were determined to be 2–375 μg L⁻¹, 1.54% and 0.8 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The results showed that the application of poly 2-aminophenol in the structure of the proposed sensor using a molecular imprinting approach made the sensor highly selective toward flutamide, distinguishing it from similar nitro-containing compounds. The prepared sensor was successfully utilized to analyze environmental water and urine samples. The obtained results showed that the proposed method is in agreement with the HPLC method and can be used as a reliable alternative method for the analysis of flutamide.

中文翻译：

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分子印迹聚2-氨基酚金纳米颗粒还原氧化石墨烯复合物，用于环境和生物样品中的氟他胺的电化学测定

基于还原的氧化石墨烯，金纳米颗粒和分子印迹聚2-氨基苯酚的选择性和灵敏的电化学传感器被开发用于电化学测定环境和生物样品中的氟他胺。用电化学方法进行复合材料的制备，并通过傅立叶变换红外，质子和碳核磁共振，场发射扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱对复合材料进行表征。光谱结果表明，分子印迹的聚2-氨基苯酚的聚合是通过梯形结构系统进行的。优化传感器响应的有效参数后，获得的线性范围，相对标准偏差（对于50μgL ^-1的浓度有五个重复）和定量为氟他胺的测定极限被确定为2-375微克大号^-1，1.54％和0.8微克大号^-1分别。结果表明，使用分子印迹方法在建议的传感器结构中应用聚2-氨基苯酚使传感器对氟他胺具有高度选择性，从而使其与类似的含硝基化合物区分开。所准备的传感器已成功用于分析环境水和尿液样品。所得结果表明，该方法与高效液相色谱法相符，可作为氟他胺分析的可靠替代方法。