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Age-growth relationships, temperature sensitivity and palaeoclimate-archive potential of the threatened Altiplano cactus Echinopsis atacamensis
Conservation Physiology ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa123
N B English 1 , D L Dettman 2, 3 , Q Hua 4 , J M Mendoza 5 , D Muir 6 , K R Hultine 7 , D G Williams 8
Affiliation  

Abstract
The tall (>4 m), charismatic and threatened columnar cacti, pasacana [Echinopsis atacamensis (Vaupel) Friedrich & G.D. Rowley)], grows on the Bolivian Altiplano and provides environmental and economic value to these extremely cold, arid and high-elevation (~4000 m) ecosystems. Yet very little is known about their growth rates, ages, demography and climate sensitivity. Using radiocarbon in spine dating time series, we quantitatively estimate the growth rate (5.8 and 8.3 cm yr−1) and age of these cacti (up to 430 years). These data and our field measurements yield a survivorship curve that suggests precipitation on the Altiplano is important for this species’ recruitment. Our results also reveal a relationship between nighttime temperatures on the Altiplano and the variation in oxygen isotope values in spines (δ18O). The annual δ18O minimums from 58 years of in-series spine tissue from pasacana on the Altiplano provides at least decadal proxy records of temperature (r = 0.58; P < 0.0001), and evidence suggests that there are longer records connecting modern Altiplano temperatures to sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Atlantic Ocean. While the role of Atlantic SSTs on the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) and precipitation on the Bolivian Altiplano is well described, the impact of SSTs on Altiplano temperatures is disputed. Understanding the modern impact of SSTs on temperature on the Altiplano is important to both understand the impact of future climate change on pasacana cactus and to understand past climate changes on the Altiplano. This is the best quantitative evidence to date of one of the oldest known cactus in the world, although there are likely many older cacti on the Altiplano, or elsewhere, that have not been sampled yet. Together with growth, isotope and age data, this information should lead to better management and conservation outcomes for this threatened species and the Altiplano ecosystem.


中文翻译:

受威胁的高原仙人掌E虫的年龄-生长关系,温度敏感性和古气候-归档潜力

摘要
高大(> 4 m),魅力十足且濒临灭绝的柱状仙人掌pasacana [ Echinopsis atacamensis(Vaupel)Friedrich&GD Rowley)]生长在玻利维亚高原上,为这些极冷,干旱和高海拔的地区提供环境和经济价值(约4000 m)生态系统。但是对它们的增长率,年龄,人口统计学和气候敏感性知之甚少。使用脊柱测年时间序列中的放射性碳,我们定量估算了增长率(5.8和8.3 cm yr -1)和这些仙人掌的年龄(最长430年)。这些数据和我们的现场测量得出一条存活曲线,表明高原上的降水对于该物种的募集很重要。我们的结果还显示夜间温度之间的高原和在氧同位素值在棘的变化(δ的关系18 O)。每年的δ 18从58岁系列脊柱组织的O-最小值从pasacana在高原提供在温度至少十年代理记录([R  = 0.58; P <0.0001),并且证据表明,将大西洋的现代高原温度与海表温度(SST)联系的记录更长。尽管已经很好地描述了大西洋SST在南美夏季风(SASM)上的作用以及降水在玻利维亚Altiplano上的作用,但SST对Altiplano温度的影响尚存争议。了解SST对温度对高原的现代影响对于了解未来气候变化对帕萨卡纳仙人掌的影响以及了解过去气候对高原的影响都非常重要。这是迄今为止世界上已知最古老的仙人掌之一的最佳定量证据,尽管Altiplano或其他地方可能有许多更古老的仙人掌尚未被采样。连同增长,同位素和年龄数据,
更新日期:2021-01-15
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