Ca²⁺ is a second messenger that mediates plant responses to abiotic stress; Ca²⁺ signals need to be decoded by Ca²⁺ sensors that translate the signal into physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses. Recent research regarding the Ca²⁺ sensor CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN 10 (CBL10) has resulted in important advances in understanding the function of this signaling component during abiotic stress tolerance. Under saline conditions, CBL10 function was initially understood to be linked to regulation of Na⁺ homeostasis, protecting plant shoots from salt stress. During this process, CBL10 interacts with the CBL-interacting protein kinase 24 (CIPK24, SOS2), this interaction being localized at both the plasma and vacuolar (tonoplast) membranes. Interestingly, recent studies have exposed that CBL10 is a regulator not only of Na⁺ homeostasis but also of Ca²⁺ under salt stress, regulating Ca²⁺ fluxes in vacuoles, and also at the plasma membrane. This review summarizes new research regarding functions of CBL10 in plant stress tolerance, predominantly salt stress, as this is the most commonly studied abiotic stress associated with the function of this regulator. Special focus has been placed on some aspects that are still unclear. We also pay particular attention on the proven versatility of CBL10 to activate (in a CIPK-dependent manner) or repress (by direct interaction) downstream targets, in different subcellular locations. These in turn appear to be the link through which CBL10 could be a key master regulator of stress signaling in plants and also a crucial participant in fruit development and quality, as disruption of CBL10 results in inadequate Ca²⁺ partitioning in plants and fruit. New emerging roles associated with other abiotic stresses in addition to salt stress, such as drought, flooding, and K⁺ deficiency, are also addressed in this review. Finally, we provide an outline of recent advances in identification of potential targets of CBL10, as CBL10/CIPKs complexes and as CBL10 direct interactions. The aim is to showcase new research regarding this master regulator of abiotic stress tolerance that may be essential to the maintenance of crop productivity under abiotic stress. This is particularly pertinent when considering the scenario of a projected increase in extreme environmental conditions due to climate change.

Ca ²⁺是介导植物对非生物胁迫的第二信使。Ca ²⁺信号需要由Ca ²⁺传感器解码，然后才能将信号转换为生理，代谢和分子反应。关于Ca ²⁺传感器钙蛋白B样蛋白10（CBL10）的最新研究已导致在理解这一信号成分在非生物胁迫耐受性方面的重要进展。在盐水条件下，最初将CBL10功能理解为与Na ^+的调节有关体内平衡，保护植物新芽免受盐胁迫。在此过程中，CBL10与CBL相互作用的蛋白激酶24（CIPK24，SOS2）相互作用，这种相互作用位于质膜和液泡（液泡膜）膜上。有趣的是，最近的研究已经暴露了CBL10不仅是钠调节器⁺体内平衡也是钙²⁺盐胁迫条件下，调节的Ca ²⁺液泡中的通量，以及质膜上的通量。这篇综述总结了有关CBL10在植物胁迫耐受性（主要是盐胁迫）中的功能的新研究，因为这是与该调节剂功能相关的最常研究的非生物胁迫。特别关注的是尚不清楚的某些方面。我们还特别关注CBL10在激活（以CIPK依赖性方式）或抑制（通过直接相互作用）不同亚细胞位置的下游靶标方面的多功能性。这些反过来似乎是CBL10可能通过该链接而成为植物中压力信号传导的主要调控因子，也是破坏果实发育和品质的重要参与者。CBL10导致Ca ²⁺在植物和水果中分配不足。在这篇评论中，还讨论了与除盐胁迫之外的其他非生物胁迫相关的新的新兴作用，例如干旱，洪水和钾^离子缺乏。最后，我们概述了鉴定CBL10，CBL10 / CIPKs复合物和CBL10直接相互作用的潜在靶标的最新进展。目的是展示有关此非生物胁迫耐受性主要调节剂的新研究，这可能对维持非生物胁迫下的作物生产力至关重要。当考虑到预计由于气候变化而导致的极端环境条件将增加的情况时，这尤其相关。