Increasingly, strontium (Sr) isotopes are used to distinguish locals and migrants in prehistoric studies, by measuring 87Sr/86Sr in human remains and comparing these values to the distribution of the bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in the study area, often in surface water. However, it has recently been shown that agricultural lime can have a substantial impact on the 87Sr/86Sr ratio and strontium concentration in surface water in areas where soils are low- to non-calcareous. Agricultural lime is rich in strontium with low 87Sr/86Sr ratios, such that interpretations of prehistoric migration based on surface waters affected by agricultural lime often overestimate the number of migrants in a given area. However, the impact of agricultural lime was questioned in a new study, which argues that strontium derived from agricultural lime is retained in the topsoil of the fields and therefore do not contaminate the surface water. In the present study and in a companion study in this volume, we show that strontium derived from agricultural lime is highly mobile in soils, and so contaminate surface waters extensively. We also show that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios are consistently higher in waters from “pristine areas” (where no agricultural lime has been applied within a distance of 150 m from the sample locality) than in water from farmland, thus confirming that it is of vital importance for accurate mapping of isoscapes to avoid sampling waters contaminated by agricultural lime. Our new measurements of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in central Jutland, Denmark, raise the highest measured values to 0.7186. High values between 0.7140 and 0.7156 occur repeatedly and it is apparent that nearly all prehistoric human finds in Jutland, previously believed to have journeyed from afar are more likely of local origin. Furthermore, we show that carbonate-rich areas along the coast of southwest Zealand carry high 87Sr/86Sr values (0.7112–0.7132), where we would expect low values. This surprising result indicates that nearly all humans buried at the Viking Age site, Trelleborg could well have originated locally, in contrast to past studies, which have suggested that about 50% of the burials were of individuals who came from afar.

中文翻译：

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均质冰川景观可能具有较高的锶同位素特征局部变异性：对史前迁移研究的影响

在史前研究中，锶 (Sr) 同位素越来越多地用于区分当地人和移民，方法是测量人类遗骸中的 87Sr/86Sr，并将这些值与研究区域（通常在地表水中）的生物可利用 87Sr/86Sr 的分布进行比较。然而，最近的研究表明，农用石灰会对土壤低钙至非钙质地区地表水中的 87Sr/86Sr 比率和锶浓度产生重大影响。农业石灰富含锶，87Sr/86Sr 比率较低，因此基于受农业石灰影响的地表水对史前迁移的解释往往高估了特定地区的迁移数量。然而，农业石灰的影响在一项新研究中受到质疑，它认为源自农业石灰的锶保留在田地的表土中，因此不会污染地表水。在本研究和本卷的配套研究中，我们表明源自农业石灰的锶在土壤中具有高度流动性，因此会广泛污染地表水。我们还表明，在“原始区域”（距样本地点 150 m 距离内未施用农业石灰）的水域中，87Sr/86Sr 比率始终高于农田水域，从而证实它是对于准确绘制等值线图以避免采样被农业石灰污染的水体至关重要。我们在丹麦日德兰中部的 87Sr/86Sr 比率的新测量将最高测量值提高到 0.7186。0.7140 和 0 之间的高值。7156 重复发生，很明显，几乎所有在日德兰半岛发现的史前人类发现，以前被认为是从远方旅行而来的，更有可能来自当地。此外，我们表明西兰西南部沿海富含碳酸盐的地区具有较高的 87Sr/86Sr 值（0.7112-0.7132），而我们预计该值较低。这一令人惊讶的结果表明，几乎所有埋葬在维京时代遗址特雷勒堡 (Trelleborg) 的人类很可能都起源于当地，而过去的研究表明，大约 50% 的墓葬是来自远方的人。我们表明，新西兰西南部海岸的富含碳酸盐的地区具有较高的 87Sr/86Sr 值 (0.7112–0.7132)，而我们预计该值较低。这一令人惊讶的结果表明，几乎所有埋葬在维京时代遗址特雷勒堡 (Trelleborg) 的人类很可能都起源于当地，而过去的研究表明，大约 50% 的墓葬是来自远方的人。我们表明，新西兰西南部海岸的富含碳酸盐的地区具有较高的 87Sr/86Sr 值 (0.7112–0.7132)，而我们预计该值较低。这一令人惊讶的结果表明，几乎所有埋葬在维京时代遗址特雷勒堡 (Trelleborg) 的人类很可能都起源于当地，而过去的研究表明，大约 50% 的墓葬是来自远方的人。