Dysregulation of the inflammatory response in humans can lead to various inflammatory diseases, like asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. The innate branch of the immune system, including macrophage and neutrophil functions, plays a critical role in all inflammatory diseases. This part of the immune system is well-conserved between humans and the zebrafish, which has emerged as a powerful animal model for inflammation, because it offers the possibility to image and study inflammatory responses in vivo at the early life stages. This review focuses on different inflammation models established in zebrafish, and how they are being used for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs. The most commonly used model is the tail fin amputation model, in which part of the tail fin of a zebrafish larva is clipped. This model has been used to study fundamental aspects of the inflammatory response, like the role of specific signaling pathways, the migration of leukocytes, and the interaction between different immune cells, and has also been used to screen libraries of natural compounds, approved drugs, and well-characterized pathway inhibitors. In other models the inflammation is induced by chemical treatment, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and copper, and some chemical-induced models, such as treatment with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), specifically model inflammation in the gastro-intestinal tract. Two mutant zebrafish lines, carrying a mutation in the hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1a gene (hai1a) and the cdp-diacylglycerolinositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase (cdipt) gene, show an inflammatory phenotype, and they provide interesting model systems for studying inflammation. These zebrafish inflammation models are often used to study the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids, to increase our understanding of the mechanism of action of this class of drugs and to develop novel glucocorticoid drugs. In this review, an overview is provided of the available inflammation models in zebrafish, and how they are used to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response and to screen for novel anti-inflammatory drugs.

人体炎症反应失调可导致多种炎症疾病，例如哮喘和类风湿关节炎。免疫系统的先天分支，包括巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞功能，在所有炎性疾病中都起着至关重要的作用。免疫系统的这一部分在人与斑马鱼之间保持良好的保护，斑马鱼已成为一种强大的炎症动物模型，因为它提供了成像和研究炎症反应的可能性体内在生命的早期阶段。这篇综述集中在斑马鱼中建立的不同炎症模型，以及如何将它们用于开发新型抗炎药。最常用的模型是尾鳍截肢模型，其中将斑马鱼幼虫的尾鳍的一部分剪掉。该模型已用于研究炎症反应的基本方面，例如特定信号传导途径的作用，白细胞的迁移以及不同免疫细胞之间的相互作用，还已用于筛选天然化合物，批准的药物，和特征明确的途径抑制剂。在其他模型中，炎症是通过化学治疗诱导的，例如脂多糖（LPS），白三烯B4（LTB4）和铜，以及某些化学诱导的模型，例如用三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）进行治疗，可专门模拟胃肠道炎症。两条突变的斑马鱼品系，在肝细胞生长因子激活剂抑制剂1a基因中带有突变（hai1a）和cdp-二酰基甘油甘油醇3-磷脂酰转移酶（cdipt）基因，显示出炎症表型，并且它们为研究炎症提供了有趣的模型系统。这些斑马鱼的炎症模型通常用于研究糖皮质激素的抗炎作用，增进我们对这类药物作用机理的了解并开发新型糖皮质激素药物。在这篇综述中，概述了斑马鱼中可用的炎症模型，以及如何将它们用于揭示炎症反应的分子机制和筛选新型抗炎药。