The antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of a walnut (Juglans regia L.) septum extract (WSE), rich in bioactive compounds were investigated using the citric acid aerosol-induced cough experimental model in rodents. Wistar male rats were treated orally for three days with distilled water (control), codeine (reference), and WSE in graded doses. On the third day, all rats were exposed to citric acid aerosols, the number of coughs being recorded. Each animal was sacrificed after exposure, and blood and lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis and the assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The results of the experiment showed a significant antitussive effect of WSE, superior to codeine. This activity could be due to cellular protective effect and anti-inflammatory effect via the stimulation of the antioxidant enzyme system and the decrease of IL-6 and CXC-R1 concentration in the lung tissue of WSE-treated animals. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WSE were confirmed by biochemical assays and histopathological analysis. This is the first scientific study reporting the antitussive effect of walnut septum, a new potential source of non-opioid antitussive drug candidates, and a valuable bioactive by-product that could be used in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

中文翻译：

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富含生物活性化合物的核桃（Juglans regia L.）隔膜提取物的镇咳、抗氧化和抗炎作用

使用柠檬酸气雾诱导啮齿类动物咳嗽实验模型，研究了富含生物活性化合物的核桃（ Juglans regia L.）隔膜提取物（WSE）的镇咳、抗氧化和抗炎作用。Wistar 雄性大鼠接受分级剂量的蒸馏水（对照）、可待因（参考）和 WSE 口服治疗三天。第三天，所有大鼠均暴露于柠檬酸气雾剂中，记录咳嗽次数。暴露后处死每只动物，收集血液和肺组织样本用于组织病理学分析以及氧化应激和炎症生物标志物的评估。实验结果显示WSE镇咳作用显着，优于可待因。这种活性可能是由于 WSE 治疗动物通过刺激抗氧化酶系统以及降低肺组织中 IL-6 和 CXC-R1 浓度而产生的细胞保护作用和抗炎作用。WSE 的抗氧化和抗炎作用通过生化测定和组织病理学分析得到证实。这是第一项报告核桃隔膜镇咳作用的科学研究，核桃隔膜是非阿片类镇咳药物候选物的新潜在来源，也是可用于治疗呼吸道疾病的有价值的生物活性副产品。