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Out of the Ordinary: Confronting Paradox in the Historiography of Francoism
Contemporary European History ( IF 0.962 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 , DOI: 10.1017/s0960777320000478
Stephanie Wright

On 19 November 1975 Francisco Franco lay dying in Madrid's La Paz hospital. Clutching the cloak of the Virgin del Pilar, and with the ill-gotten relic of St Teresa of Ávila's hand at his bedside, the ailing dictator would soon depart this existence following the withdrawal of life support. For Enrique Moradiellos in Franco: Anatomy of a Dictator, the juxtaposition of modernity and tradition within this deathbed scene was emblematic of the countless paradoxes which characterised the Francoist dictatorship in its later years. Since the dictator's death scholars have continued to grapple with such paradoxes, struggling over how best to define a regime which has come to occupy a notoriously contentious space within contemporary Spanish politics and society. Like a fairground hall of mirrors, historical representations of Francoism have been stretched or squashed by different analytical frames, shaped in many cases by the political and social legacies of the dictatorship. Despite dubious claims to ‘objectivity’, the regime's apologists depict Francoism as a stabilising antidote to the ‘chaos’ of republicanism, conveniently overlooking the destruction and misery which followed the coup of 18 July 1936. Meanwhile, those who seek justice for the regime's victims continue to emphasise the repressive nature of the dictatorship. Though an important component of Francoism's modus operandi, repression does not, by itself, help us to fully understand Francoism's long-term survival or the consent it secured from millions of ordinary Spaniards. The titles under review reflect an increasing willingness to confront Francoism's many contradictions head-on, and to regard the paradoxical nature of the regime not as a conceptual knot to be disentangled, but as a historiographical problem in itself. Historians exploring the experiences of ‘ordinary’ people have proved particularly adept at addressing such complexities, as have scholars adopting comparative or transnational frameworks which reach beyond traditional emphasis on fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The titles surveyed in this article offer a snapshot of recent developments in the field, while signposting potential avenues through which historians of Francoism might contribute to broader discussions within the historiography of modern Europe.

中文翻译:

不寻常:直面佛朗哥主义史学中的悖论

1975 年 11 月 19 日,弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥在马德里的拉巴斯医院奄奄一息。抓着 Virgin del Pilar 的斗篷,在床边放着阿维拉的圣特蕾莎手的不义之财,生病的独裁者很快就会在生命支持系统撤出后离开这个存在。对于《佛朗哥:独裁者的解剖》中的恩里克·莫拉迪洛斯 (Enrique Moradiellos) 而言,在这个临终场景中现代性和传统的并置象征着无数悖论,这些悖论是晚年佛朗哥独裁统治的特征。自独裁者之死以来,学者们一直在努力解决这些悖论,为如何最好地定义一个在当代西班牙政治和社会中占据着臭名昭著的争议空间的政权而苦苦挣扎。像一个镜子的露天大厅,佛朗哥主义的历史表征被不同的分析框架拉伸或挤压,在许多情况下是由独裁统治的政治和社会遗产塑造的。尽管声称“客观性”令人怀疑,但该政权的辩护者将佛朗哥主义描述为共和主义“混乱”的稳定解毒剂,方便地忽略了 1936 年 7 月 18 日政变后的破坏和苦难。 与此同时,那些为政权的受害者寻求正义的人继续强调独裁统治的镇压性质。尽管是佛朗哥主义作案手法的重要组成部分,但镇压本身并不能帮助我们充分了解佛朗哥主义的长期生存或从数百万普通西班牙人那里获得的同意。正在审查的标题反映了对抗佛朗哥主义的日益增加的意愿” 直面许多矛盾,并认为政权的悖论性质不是一个需要解开的概念结,而是本身就是一个史学问题。研究“普通”人经历的历史学家已经证明特别擅长解决这些复杂问题,正如学者们采用的比较或跨国框架超越了对法西斯意大利和纳粹德国的传统强调。本文调查的标题提供了该领域最新发展的快照,同时指明了潜在的途径,佛朗哥主义的历史学家可以通过这些途径为现代欧洲史学中更广泛的讨论做出贡献。研究“普通”人经历的历史学家已经证明特别擅长解决这些复杂问题,正如学者们采用的比较或跨国框架超越了对法西斯意大利和纳粹德国的传统强调。本文调查的标题提供了该领域最新发展的快照,同时指明了潜在的途径,佛朗哥主义的历史学家可以通过这些途径为现代欧洲史学中更广泛的讨论做出贡献。研究“普通”人经历的历史学家已经证明特别擅长解决这些复杂问题,正如学者们采用的比较或跨国框架超越了对法西斯意大利和纳粹德国的传统强调。本文调查的标题提供了该领域最新发展的快照,同时指明了潜在的途径,佛朗哥主义的历史学家可能会通过这些途径为现代欧洲史学中更广泛的讨论做出贡献。
更新日期:2021-01-15
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