Abstract. RBSPA observations suggest that the inner radiation belt high energy proton fluxes drop significantly during the storm main phase and recover in parallel to as the SYM-H index [Xu et al., 2019]. A natural problem arises: are these storm‐time proton flux variations in response to the magnetic field modifications adiabatic? Based on Liouville's theorem and conservation of the first and third adiabatic invariants, the fully adiabatic effects of high energy protons in the inner radiation belt have been quantitatively evaluated. Two case studies show that theoretically calculated, adiabatic flux decreases are in good agreement with RBSPA observations. Statistical survey of 67 geomagnetic storms which occurred in 2013–2016 has been conducted. The results confirm that the fully adiabatic response constitutes the main contribution 90 % to the changes in high energy protons in inner radiation belt during the storm main and recovery phases. It indicates that adiabatic invariants of the inner belt high energy protons are well preserved for majority of storms. Phase space density results also support adiabatic effect controls the varication of high energy protons especially for small and medium geomagnetic storms. Non-adiabatic effects could play important role for the most intense storms with fast changes in magnetic configuration.

中文翻译：

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内辐射带高能质子对地磁风暴的响应

摘要。RBSPA的观测结果表明，内部辐射带的高能质子通量在风暴主相期间显着下降，并与SYM-H指数平行恢复[Xu et al。，2019]。一个自然的问题出现了：这些风暴时质子通量的变化是否响应于绝热的磁场变化？基于Liouville定理和第一，第三绝热不变量的守恒，对内辐射带中高能质子的完全绝热效应进行了定量评估。两个案例研究表明，从理论上计算，绝热通量下降与RBSPA观测值非常吻合。已经对2013-2016年发生的67次地磁风暴进行了统计调查。结果证实，在绝热阶段和恢复阶段，完全绝热响应构成了内部辐射带高能质子变化的90％。这表明在大多数风暴中，内带高能质子的绝热不变性得到了很好的保存。相空间密度结果还支持绝热效应，特别是对于中小型地磁风暴，它控制了高能质子的变化。非绝热效应可能会在磁结构快速变化的最强烈风暴中发挥重要作用。相空间密度结果还支持绝热效应，特别是对于中小型地磁风暴，它控制了高能质子的变化。非绝热效应可能会在磁结构快速变化的最强烈风暴中发挥重要作用。相空间密度结果还支持绝热效应，特别是对于中小型地磁风暴，它控制了高能质子的变化。非绝热效应可能会在磁结构快速变化的最强烈风暴中发挥重要作用。