Human cells are equipped with a plethora of antiviral proteins protecting them against invading viral pathogens. In contrast to apoptotic or pyroptotic cell death, which serves as ultima ratio to combat viral infections, these cell-intrinsic restriction factors may prevent or at least slow down viral spread while allowing the host cell to survive. Nevertheless, their antiviral activity may also have detrimental effects on the host. While the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiviral activity of restriction factors are frequently well investigated, potential undesired effects of their antiviral functions on the host cell are hardly explored. With a focus on antiretroviral proteins, we summarize in this review how individual restriction factors may exert adverse effects as trade-off for efficient defense against attacking pathogens.

中文翻译：

---

进化冲突和抗病毒因子的不利影响

人体细胞配备有大量的抗病毒蛋白，可以保护它们免受病毒病原体的入侵。与作为对抗病毒感染的最后手段的细胞凋亡或焦亡细胞死亡相反，这些细胞内在的限制因子可以阻止或至少减缓病毒传播，同时允许宿主细胞存活。然而，它们的抗病毒活性也可能对宿主产生有害影响。虽然限制因子抗病毒活性的分子机制经常被深入研究，但它们的抗病毒功能对宿主细胞的潜在不良影响却很少被探索。我们以抗逆转录病毒蛋白为重点，在这篇综述中总结了个体限制因素如何产生不利影响，作为有效防御病原体攻击的权衡。