Temporal orienting of attention can affect multiple stages of processing to guide adaptive behaviour. We tested whether temporal expectation in different task contexts is compromised in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). In Experiment 1 two temporal‐orienting tasks were used: a speeded task emphasizing motor preparation and a non‐speeded task emphasizing perceptual discrimination using rapid serial visual presentation. In both tasks, auditory cues indicated the likelihood of a target appearing after a short or long interval. In the speeded‐response task, participants used the cues to anticipate an easily detectable target stimulus. In the non‐speeded perceptual‐discrimination task, participants used the cues to help discriminate a target letter embedded in a stream of letters. Relative to healthy participants, participants with PD did not show altered temporal orienting effects in the speeded‐response task. However, they were impaired in using temporal cues to improve perceptual discrimination. In Experiment 2, we tested whether the temporal‐orienting deficits in the perceptual‐discrimination task depended on the requirement to ignore temporally distracting stimuli. We replicated the impaired temporal orienting for perceptual discrimination in an independent group of individuals with PD, and showed the impairment was abolished when individuals were on their dopaminergic medication. In a task without any distracting letters, however, patients off or on medication benefited normally from temporal orienting cues. Our findings suggest that deficits in temporal orienting in individuals with PD interact with specific task demands, such as the requirement to select target from temporally competing distractors.

中文翻译：

---

帕金森氏病的时间取向

注意的时间方向可能会影响处理的多个阶段，以指导适应性行为。我们测试了帕金森氏病（PD）患者在不同任务背景下的时间期望是否受到损害。在实验1中，使用了两个面向时间的任务：一个强调运动准备的加速任务和一个使用快速串行视觉呈现强调感知辨别力的非加速任务。在两项任务中，听觉提示都表明目标在短时间间隔或长间隔后出现的可能性。在快速响应任务中，参与者使用提示来预测易于检测的目标刺激。在非加速的感知歧视任务中，参与者使用提示来帮助区分嵌入在字母流中的目标字母。相对于健康的参与者，PD的参与者在快速反应任务中未显示出改变的时间定向效果。但是，他们在使用时间提示来改善感知辨别力方面受到了损害。在实验2中，我们测试了感知歧视任务中的时间定向缺陷是否取决于忽略时间分散性刺激的要求。我们在独立的PD患者组中复制了在感知辨别力上的时间定向障碍，并表明当个体使用多巴胺能药物时，该障碍已被消除。但是，在一项没有任何干扰字母的任务中，停药或正在服药的患者通常会从时间方向提示中受益。我们的研究结果表明，PD患者的时间定向方面的缺陷与特定的任务需求相互作用，