This review focuses on the considerable amount of research directed at defining microbial diversity in the vineyard and the subsequent contribution to uninoculated fermentations, with an emphasis on the effect of fungicide applications. From this research it is clear that there are many factors affecting diversity in the vineyard including: sprays, climate, location and grape‐derived parameters. With their increasing affordability, next generation sequencing methods to measure diversity in environmental samples are now being adopted for studies of the grapevine microbiome. We bring together the results of these studies, discuss how diversity is measured and consider the potential applications of current knowledge. An in‐depth analysis of how fungicides affect yeast diversity in the vineyard and the mode of action of different fungicide groups are also discussed. Finally, we report on alternative treatments to maintain vineyard health and reduce fungicide applications in the future.

中文翻译：

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葡萄园中的酵母多样性：如何定义，测量和影响杀菌剂

这篇综述着重于旨在定义葡萄园中微生物多样性及其对未接种发酵的后续贡献的大量研究，重点是杀菌剂的应用效果。从这项研究中可以明显看出，有很多因素会影响葡萄园的多样性，包括：喷雾，气候，产地和葡萄来源的参数。随着负担能力的提高，用于测量环境样品多样性的下一代测序方法目前正被用于葡萄微生物组的研究。我们将这些研究的结果汇总在一起，讨论如何测量多样性并考虑当前知识的潜在应用。还讨论了杀菌剂如何影响葡萄园中的酵母多样性以及不同杀菌剂组的作用方式的深入分析。最后，我们报告了未来可以维持葡萄园健康并减少杀真菌剂使用的替代疗法。