Photovoltaic engineering is one of the most important ways for utilizing solar energy. With fast development and large investment, the photovoltaic market has become more complex, leading to less reasonable samples for accurate forecasting. In this work, a time-delayed power effect with high flexibility is considered to develop a new grey system model, which can be more efficient in dealing with small and complex time series and shares a more general formulation. The Grey Wolf Optimizer is used to select the optimal nonlinear parameter. Three real-world cases in energy forecasting are used to validate the new model, showing its significant advantages over eight existing grey system models. The cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic in Asia-Pacific from 2009 to 2018 is used to assess the effectiveness of the new model. Results indicate that high accuracy forecasts can be obtained by using the new model, showing its high potential in installed capacity of photovoltaic forecasting, which may be very useful in photovoltaic marketing and policy making.

光伏工程是利用太阳能的最重要方法之一。随着快速的发展和大量的投资，光伏市场变得越来越复杂，导致用于准确预测的合理样本减少了。在这项工作中，考虑使用具有高灵活性的时延功率效应来开发新的灰色系统模型，该模型可以更有效地处理较小和复杂的时间序列，并具有更通用的表示形式。灰狼优化器用于选择最佳非线性参数。在能源预测中使用了三个实际案例来验证新模型，从而显示出其相对于八个现有灰色系统模型的显着优势。2009年至2018年亚太地区光伏的累计装机容量用于评估新模型的有效性。