This review discussed the occurrence, ecological impacts, and effects of metformin, a drug used for type 2 diabetes among other diseases. It is one of the most commonly found medicines in aquatic environments owing to its incomplete metabolism in the human body, and is eventually disposed in wastewater. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed as a guide. After searching various databases, 48 eligible studies were selected for the review. Metformin reportedly occurs in different environmental matrices, as measurable concentrations of metformin are found in sewage (urban and hospital), influent/sludge/effluent from wastewater treatment plants, surface water (rivers, lakes, estuaries, oceans, and non-specific sources), tap/drinking water, and sediment (lake and recipient seawaters). Data on metformin detection in aquatic environments in 14 countries were studied, but a consensus on the risk patterns of pharmaceutical products was not determined. Many studies have been conducted on different test organisms, demonstrating that metformin can drive the expression of diverse genes, particularly those responsible for endocrine hormone pathways. Chronic exposure to metformin can be tested using models and other tools to understand this field, which remains largely unexplored. Our results contribute to the current ecotoxicology knowledge related to typically used drugs and provide a basis for further investigations.

这篇综述讨论了二甲双胍（一种用于2型糖尿病和其他疾病的药物）的发生，生态影响和影响。由于其在人体中的新陈代谢不完全，它是在水生环境中最常发现的药物之一，最终被丢弃在废水中。遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目作为指导。在搜索了各种数据库之后，选择了48个符合条件的研究进行审查。据报道二甲双胍存在于不同的环境基质中，因为在污水（城市和医院），废水处理厂的进水/污泥/废水，地表水（河流，湖泊，河口，海洋和非特定来源）中发现了可测量的二甲双胍浓度。 ，自来水/饮用水和沉积物（湖泊和受体海水）。研究了14个国家/地区水生环境中二甲双胍检测的数据，但尚未确定药物风险模式的共识。已经对不同的测试生物进行了许多研究，证明二甲双胍可以驱动多种基因的表达，尤其是那些负责内分泌激素途径的基因。可以使用模型和其他工具来测试长期暴露于二甲双胍的程度，以了解该领域，但该领域在很大程度上尚待探索。我们的研究结果有助于了解当前与常用药物有关的生态毒理学知识，并为进一步研究奠定基础。证明二甲双胍可以驱动多种基因的表达，尤其是那些负责内分泌激素途径的基因。可以使用模型和其他工具来测试长期暴露于二甲双胍的程度，以了解该领域，但该领域在很大程度上尚待探索。我们的研究结果有助于了解当前与常用药物有关的生态毒理学知识，并为进一步研究奠定基础。证明二甲双胍可以驱动多种基因的表达，尤其是那些负责内分泌激素途径的基因。可以使用模型和其他工具来测试长期暴露于二甲双胍的程度，以了解该领域，但该领域在很大程度上尚待探索。我们的研究结果有助于了解当前与常用药物有关的生态毒理学知识，并为进一步研究奠定基础。