With urbanization expanding into natural areas, it is increasingly important to understand how species subject to human-induced habitat alteration respond to novel opportunities and stressors. A pervasive consequence of urbanization is artificial light at night (ALAN), which previous studies have found introduces both costs and benefits for vertebrates. This understanding, however, primarily reflects findings from laboratory-controlled experiments or comparisons of wild populations in areas with long-standing differences in ALAN regimes. Here, we investigated the short-term costs and benefits for Anolis lizards during the period of initial exposure to ALAN using realistic light levels for urban areas (mean ± SD = 87.9 ± 36.7 lx at a distance of 3 m). As compared to controls, we hypothesized that adding ALAN would result in behavioral and physiological changes over the short term for brown anoles and their arthropod prey. In contrast to predictions, ALAN did not increase arthropod abundance or extend anole activity into the night. Structural habitat and sleep site use changed little in response to ALAN, which exposed about one-third of sleeping anoles in ALAN plots to light at night due to our manipulation. However, this direct light exposure resulted in lizards being more easily roused from sleep compared to lizards sleeping in the dark in control plots or in shadows in ALAN plots. The apparent inability of some anoles to adjust their sleep sites to avoid ALAN exposure may have contributed to their increased responsiveness at night and decreased locomotor endurance in the day. Our study suggests brown anoles can experience higher short-term costs than benefits during initial exposure to ALAN.

随着城市化向自然区域扩展，了解受人类引起的栖息地变化的物种如何应对新的机会和压力变得越来越重要。城市化的普遍结果是夜间人造光（ALAN），先前的研究发现，人造光既带来了成本，也给脊椎动物带来了好处。但是，这种理解主要反映了实验室控制实验的结果，或者是对ALAN制度长期存在差异的地区中的野生种群进行比较的结果。在这里，我们调查了Anolis的短期成本和收益首次暴露于ALAN期间的蜥蜴，使用市区的实际光照水平（在3 m处的平均值±SD = 87.9±36.7 lx）。与对照组相比，我们假设添加ALAN会在短期内导致棕Anole及其节肢动物猎物的行为和生理变化。与预测相反，ALAN并未增加节肢动物的丰度或将肛门活动扩展至深夜。响应ALAN，结构性栖息地和睡眠场所的使用变化不大，由于我们的操纵，ALAN地块中约有三分之一的沉睡黑夜在夜间暴露于光照下。但是，与在对照样地中在黑暗中或在ALAN样地中在阴影中睡觉的蜥蜴相比，这种直接的光线照射导致蜥蜴更容易从睡眠中唤醒。某些肛门明显无法调节其睡眠部位来避免ALAN暴露，这可能导致它们在夜间的反应能力增强，而在白天的运动耐力下降。我们的研究表明，在初次接触ALAN期间，棕色茴香的短期成本要高于收益。