Because of the significant effect of the sol–gel method on the glass morphology at the relatively low processing temperature, in the present work, phosphate glass and glass-ceramic nanopowders with the general formula of (P₂O₅)₅₅–CaO)₂₅–(Na₂O)_20−x–(TiO₂)_x, (x = 5, 10, and 15 mol%) have been synthesized via a facile sol–gel method. For this purpose, acetone and dimethylformamide (DMF) have been used as a polar and non-protic solvent. The proportion of triethylphosphate to acetone or DMF has been selected 1:3 that they have been synthesized at 25 °C and pH = 5–6. The glass powders have been dried at 315 °C. Then, the powders synthesized by acetone have been calcined at 500 and 750 °C, and the powders synthesized by DMF have been calcined at 550, 650, and 750 °C. The glass and glass-ceramic nanopowders have been analyzed by several techniques, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Differential thermal analysis (STA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BET–BJH), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). The XRD results have been confirmed the amorphous nature of all glass samples, while after calcination, the samples have been shown the peaks assigned to β-TCP and hydroxyapatite. The SEM images have shown that the synthesized glass and glass-ceramic powders by both acetone and DMF solvents have a particle size below 50 nm and spherical morphology. Also, the glass and glass-ceramic powders, after soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days, depicted the formation of hydroxyapatite and carbonated-hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the glass and glass-ceramic powders, respectively.

由于在相对较低的加工温度下溶胶-凝胶法对玻璃形态的显着影响，在本工作中，磷酸盐玻璃和通式为（P ₂ O ₅）₅₅ -CaO）_25的玻璃陶瓷纳米粉体–（Na ₂ O）_{20− x} –（TiO ₂）_x，（x = 5、10和15 mol％）已通过简便的溶胶-凝胶法合成。为此，丙酮和二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）已被用作极性和非质子溶剂。磷酸三乙酯与丙酮或DMF的比例已选择为1：3，因为它们是在25°C和pH = 5-6时合成的。玻璃粉已在315°C下干燥。然后，将丙酮合成的粉末在500和750℃下煅烧，将DMF合成的粉末在550、650和750℃下煅烧。玻璃和玻璃陶瓷纳米粉已通过多种技术进行了分析，例如X射线粉末衍射（XRD），差热分析（​​STA），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR），Brunauer–Emmett–Teller和Barrett–Joyner– Halenda（BET–BJH）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDS）。X射线衍射结果已经证实了所有玻璃样品的无定形性质，而煅烧后，样品的峰显示为β-TCP和羟基磷灰石。SEM图像表明，由丙酮和DMF溶剂合成的玻璃粉末和玻璃陶瓷粉末的粒径小于50nm，并且具有球形形态。同样，将玻璃和玻璃-陶瓷粉末在模拟体液（SBF）中浸泡7天后，分别描述了在玻璃和玻璃-陶瓷粉末表面上形成羟基磷灰石和碳酸化羟基磷灰石层。SEM图像表明，由丙酮和DMF溶剂合成的玻璃粉末和玻璃陶瓷粉末的粒径小于50nm，并且具有球形形态。同样，将玻璃和玻璃-陶瓷粉末在模拟体液（SBF）中浸泡7天后，分别描绘了在玻璃和玻璃-陶瓷粉末表面上形成羟基磷灰石和碳酸化羟基磷灰石层。SEM图像表明，由丙酮和DMF溶剂合成的玻璃粉末和玻璃陶瓷粉末的粒径小于50nm，并且具有球形形态。同样，将玻璃和玻璃-陶瓷粉末在模拟体液（SBF）中浸泡7天后，分别描述了在玻璃和玻璃-陶瓷粉末表面上形成羟基磷灰石和碳酸化羟基磷灰石层。