Strong evidence suggests that the early composition of the oral microbiota of neonates plays an important role for the postnatal development of the oral health or immune system. However, the relationship between the maternal microbiome and the initial neonatal microbiome remains unclear. In this study, 25 pregnant women and their neonates were recruited, and the samples were collected from the maternal oral cavity, amniotic fluid, placenta and neonatal oral cavity. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform to analyze the correlation with microbial community structure between the maternal and the neonatal oral cavity. The results indicated that the number of shared OTUs was up to 635 in four groups. The PCoA showed that there were certain similarities in the microbial community structure of the four groups. The dominant bacterial genera of the shared OTUs were consistent with human oral microbes, including Streptococcus, Fusobacterium and Prevotella. The results showed that there might be a correlation between the maternal and neonatal oral microbiome, through the amniotic fluid and placenta.

强有力的证据表明，新生儿口腔微生物群的早期组成对于口腔健康或免疫系统的出生后发育起着重要作用。然而，母体微生物组与初始新生儿微生物组之间的关系仍不清楚。本研究招募了25名孕妇及其新生儿，从母体口腔、羊水、胎盘和新生儿口腔中采集样本。使用 Illumina MiSeq 平台对 16S rRNA 进行高通量测序，以分析母体和新生儿口腔之间与微生物群落结构的相关性。结果表明，四组共享OTU的数量高达635个。PCoA显示四组的微生物群落结构存在一定的相似性。共享 OTU 的优势细菌属与人类口腔微生物一致，包括链球菌、梭杆菌和普氏菌。结果表明，通过羊水和胎盘，母体和新生儿口腔微生物群之间可能存在相关性。