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The functional relevance of olfactory marker protein in the vertebrate olfactory system: a never-ending story
Cell and Tissue Research ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03349-9
Michele Dibattista 1 , Dolly Al Koborssy 2 , Federica Genovese 2 , Johannes Reisert 2
Affiliation  

Olfactory marker protein (OMP) was first described as a protein expressed in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the nasal cavity. In particular, OMP, a small cytoplasmic protein, marks mature ORNs and is also expressed in the neurons of other nasal chemosensory systems: the vomeronasal organ, the septal organ of Masera, and the Grueneberg ganglion. While its expression pattern was more easily established, OMP’s function remained relatively vague. To date, most of the work to understand OMP’s role has been done using mice lacking OMP. This mostly phenomenological work has shown that OMP is involved in sharpening the odorant response profile and in quickening odorant response kinetics of ORNs and that it contributes to targeting of ORN axons to the olfactory bulb to refine the glomerular response map. Increasing evidence shows that OMP acts at the early stages of olfactory transduction by modulating the kinetics of cAMP, the second messenger of olfactory transduction. However, how this occurs at a mechanistic level is not understood, and it might also not be the only mechanism underlying all the changes observed in mice lacking OMP. Recently, OMP has been detected outside the nose, including the brain and other organs. Although no obvious logic has become apparent regarding the underlying commonality between nasal and extranasal expression of OMP, a broader approach to diverse cellular systems might help unravel OMP’s functions and mechanisms of action inside and outside the nose.

中文翻译:

嗅觉标记蛋白在脊椎动物嗅觉系统中的功能相关性:一个永无止境的故事

嗅觉标记蛋白 (OMP) 最初被描述为在鼻腔中的嗅觉受体神经元 (ORN) 中表达的蛋白质。特别是,OMP 是一种小的细胞质蛋白,标记成熟的 ORN,并且还在其他鼻化学感觉系统的神经元中表达:犁鼻器、Masera 的隔膜器官和 Grueneberg 神经节。虽然它的表达模式更容易建立,但 OMP 的功能仍然相对模糊。迄今为止,了解 OMP 作用的大部分工作都是使用缺乏 OMP 的小鼠完成的。这项主要是现象学的工作表明,OMP 参与锐化气味反应曲线和加速 ORN 的气味反应动力学,并且它有助于将 ORN 轴突靶向嗅球以细化肾小球反应图。越来越多的证据表明,OMP 通过调节嗅觉转导的第二信使 cAMP 的动力学在嗅觉转导的早期阶段发挥作用。然而,这在机械水平上是如何发生的尚不清楚,它也可能不是在缺乏 OMP 的小鼠中观察到的所有变化的唯一机制。最近,在鼻子外检测到OMP,包括大脑和其他器官。尽管关于 OMP 的鼻腔和鼻外表达之间的潜在共性还没有明显的逻辑,但对不同细胞系统的更广泛的方法可能有助于解开 OMP 在鼻子内外的功能和作用机制。这在机械水平上是如何发生的尚不清楚,它也可能不是在缺乏 OMP 的小鼠中观察到的所有变化的唯一机制。最近,在鼻子外检测到OMP,包括大脑和其他器官。尽管关于 OMP 的鼻腔和鼻外表达之间的潜在共性还没有明显的逻辑,但对不同细胞系统的更广泛的方法可能有助于解开 OMP 在鼻子内外的功能和作用机制。这在机械水平上是如何发生的尚不清楚,它也可能不是在缺乏 OMP 的小鼠中观察到的所有变化的唯一机制。最近,在鼻子外检测到OMP,包括大脑和其他器官。尽管关于 OMP 的鼻腔和鼻外表达之间的潜在共性还没有明显的逻辑,但对不同细胞系统的更广泛的方法可能有助于解开 OMP 在鼻子内外的功能和作用机制。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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