Wheat stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici), is a major disease that causes huge yield damage. New pathogen races appeared in the last few years and caused a broke down in the resistant genotypes. In Egypt, some of the resistant genotypes began to be susceptible to stripe rust in recent years. This situation increases the need to produce new genotypes with durable resistance. Besides, looking for a new resistant source from the available wheat genotypes all over the world help in enhancing the breeding programs. In the recent study, a set of 103-spring wheat genotypes from different fourteen countries were evaluated to their field resistant to stripe rust for two years. These genotypes included 17 Egyptian genotypes from the old and new cultivars. The 103-spring wheat genotypes were reported to be well adapted to the Egyptian environmental conditions. Out of the tested genotypes, eight genotypes from four different countries were found to be resistant in both years. Genotyping was carried out using genotyping-by-sequencing and a set of 26,703 SNPs were used in the genome-wide association study. Five SNP markers, located on chromosomes 2A and 4A, were found to be significantly associated with the resistance in both years. Three gene models associated with disease resistance and underlying these significant SNPs were identified. One immune Iranian genotype, with the highest number of different alleles from the most resistant Egyptian genotypes, was detected. the high variation among the tested genotypes in their resistance to the Egyptian stripe rust race confirming the possible improvement of stripe rust resistance in the Egyptian wheat genotypes. The identified five SNP markers are stable and could be used in marker-assisted selection after validation in different genetic backgrounds. Crossing between the immune Iranian genotype and the Egyptian genotypes will improve stripe rust resistance in Egypt.

中文翻译：

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全基因组关联研究揭示了与埃及种族条锈病抗性相关的基因组区域

小麦条锈病（由 Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici 引起）是一种对产量造成巨大损失的主要病害。最近几年出现了新的病原体小种，并导致抗性基因型的崩溃。在埃及，一些抗性基因型近年来开始对条锈病敏感。这种情况增加了产生具有持久抗性的新基因型的需求。此外，从世界各地可用的小麦基因型中寻找新的抗性来源有助于加强育种计划。在最近的研究中，对来自 14 个不同国家的一组 103 春小麦基因型进行了为期两年的田间条锈病抗性评估。这些基因型包括来自新旧栽培品种的 17 个埃及基因型。据报道，103 春小麦基因型很好地适应了埃及的环境条件。在测试的基因型中，发现来自四个不同国家的八种基因型在这两年都具有抗性。基因分型是通过测序进行基因分型进行的，并且在全基因组关联研究中使用了一组 26,703 个 SNP。发现位于染色体 2A 和 4A 上的五个 SNP 标记与这两年的抗性显着相关。确定了三种与抗病性相关的基因模型，这些基因模型是这些重要 SNP 的基础。检测到一种免疫伊朗基因型，其具有来自最具抗性的埃及基因型的最多不同等位基因。测试基因型对埃及条锈病抗性的高变异证实了埃及小麦基因型抗条锈病性的可能改善。鉴定出的五个 SNP 标记是稳定的，在不同遗传背景下验证后可用于标记辅助选择。免疫伊朗基因型和埃及基因型之间的杂交将提高埃及的条锈病抗性。