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Challenges with Quantifying Tire Road Wear Particles: Recognizing the Need for Further Refinement of the ISO Technical Specification
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 10.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00949
Cassandra Rauert 1 , Elisabeth S. Rødland 2, 3 , Elvis D. Okoffo 1 , Malcolm J. Reid 2 , Sondre Meland 2, 3 , Kevin V. Thomas 1
Affiliation  

Environmental monitoring data for tire road wear particles are vastly limited compared to those for other microplastics, primarily due to analytical challenges with quantification. Recently, two ISO technical specifications have been released using pyrolysis GC-MS for quantification. However, these methods have major assumptions, including that the content of natural and synthetic rubber in tire tread is constant across formulations and that the pyrolysis products chosen are selective. This study analyzed a wide range of commercially available tires from Australia and Norway, using pyrolysis GC-MS to test these assumptions. The percent mass of synthetic rubber in tires (n = 39) was highly variable, ranging from <0.05 to 28%, when using the ISO-recommended pyrolysis product 4-vinylcyclohexene. The content varied between brands and models, demonstrating that formulations are highly variable and unknown. The styrene butadiene dimer and trimer pyrolysis products were also assessed, and the calculated synthetic rubber content was higher, had an even greater variability, and had no correlation with concentrations calculated using 4-vinylcyclohexene. Using the ISO method has the potential to underreport environmental concentrations of TRWPs by a factor of at least 5, suggesting the specification requires further refinement, and there is an immediate need for large-scale analysis of commercial tire treads and assessments of suitable pyrolysis products.

中文翻译:

量化轮胎道路磨损颗粒带来的挑战:认识到需要进一步完善ISO技术规范

与其他微塑料相比,轮胎道路磨损颗粒的环境监测数据非常有限,这主要是由于量化方面的分析挑战。最近,已经使用热解GC-MS发布了两个ISO技术规范进行定量。然而,这些方法具有主要假设,包括轮胎胎面中天然橡胶和合成橡胶的含量在所有配方中都是恒定的,并且所选的热解产物是选择性的。这项研究使用热解GC-MS分析了来自澳大利亚和挪威的各种市售轮胎,以检验这些假设。轮胎中合成橡胶的质量百分比(n= 39)在使用ISO推荐的热解产物4-乙烯基环己烯时变化很大,范围从<0.05至28%。品牌和型号之间的内容各不相同,这表明配方是高度可变且未知的。还评估了苯乙烯丁二烯二聚体和三聚体的热解产物,计算出的合成橡胶含量更高,变异性更大,并且与使用4-乙烯基环己烯计算出的浓度无关。使用ISO方法可能会将TRWPs的环境浓度低估至少5倍,这表明该规范需要进一步完善,并且迫切需要对商用轮胎胎面进行大规模分析并评估合适的热解产品。
更新日期:2021-03-09
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