Manure and chemical fertilizers have different effects on soil properties, the nitrogen cycle, and crop yield. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer applications under the same N input on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial communities and to explain the contributions of soil properties to grain yield. Manure substitution of chemical fertilizer was conducted in leaching monitoring systems. The study began in 2009 and sampling was carried out in 2014 and 2016. Three fertilizer treatments with the same total N, P, and K application rates and one control treatment were designed as follows: (1) CK, without nitrogen fertilizer; (2) 100%U, whole nitrogen coming from urea; (3) 100%M, whole nitrogen coming from composted cattle manure; and (4) 50%U + 50%M, half nitrogen from composted cattle manure and half nitrogen from urea. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was positively correlated with total N (TN), NO3−–N, and NH4+–N contents, the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, and the Shannon diversity index of bacteria, whereas SOC content was not significantly correlated with grain yield. NO3−–N content was positively correlated with grain yield. Substituting half the amount of chemical fertilizer with manure as a nitrogen source improved soil stability, increased bacterial diversity, and enhanced nitrogen supply, while reducing nitrogen loss from ammonia volatilization and nitrogen leaching. Substituting half the amount of chemical fertilizer with manure as a nitrogen source was a more sustainable way to increase grain yield through a sustainable nitrate supply and to reduce N loss.

中文翻译：

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利用粪肥提高氮肥和玉米产量

粪肥和化肥对土壤性质、氮循环和作物产量有不同的影响。本研究旨在探讨在相同氮投入下不同施肥对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落的影响，并解释土壤性质对粮食产量的贡献。在淋失监测系统中进行化肥代粪。研究于2009年开始，2014年和2016年进行了采样。设计了3个施肥处理相同的N、P、K总施用量和1个对照处理：（1）CK，不施氮肥；(2) 100%U，来自尿素的全氮；(3) 100%M，来自堆肥牛粪的全氮；(4) 50%U + 50%M，一半来自堆肥牛粪，一半来自尿素。土壤有机碳（SOC）含量与总氮（TN）、NO呈正相关3--N 和 NH4+-N 含量、土壤团聚体平均重量直径和细菌的香农多样性指数，而 SOC 含量与粮食产量无显着相关性。不3--N含量与籽粒产量呈正相关。用粪肥代替一半的化肥作为氮源，改善了土壤稳定性，增加了细菌多样性，增强了氮供应，同时减少了氨挥发和氮淋失造成的氮损失。用粪肥作为氮源替代一半的化肥是通过可持续的硝酸盐供应增加粮食产量和减少氮损失的更可持续的方式。