Expectations regarding gendered behaviors are understood to emanate from many sources, including parents, peers, and the self but there has been little research directly comparing these three sources of pressure. The present study assessed felt pressure regarding masculine and feminine stereotypic behaviors and compared pressure from parents, peers, and the self and how these sources are associated with self-perceived gender typicality. Participants (N = 275; 53.09% female; grade 7 M = 12.35 years; grade 9 M = 14.3 years; 71% Anglo-Celtic) were recruited from independent schools in Sydney. Felt pressure from the self to engage in masculine behavior was greater than felt pressure from parents or peers. Male adolescents reported higher felt pressure to conform to gender conforming behavior from parents and the self and pressure to avoid gender nonconforming behavior was greatest from peers. Female adolescents reported felt pressure to conform to gender nonconforming behaviors and this pressure was the strongest from the self. Additionally, for both genders, felt pressure from the self was most consistently associated with gender typicality. These findings highlight the importance of self-expectations for gender cognitions relating to both masculine and feminine behaviors.

人们对性别行为的期望来自许多方面，包括父母，同伴和自我，但是很少有研究直接比较这三种压力源。本研究评估了关于男性和女性刻板印象行为的感觉压力，并比较了来自父母，同伴和自我的压力，以及这些来源如何与自我感知的性别典型性相关。参与者（Ñ  = 275; 53.09％女性;等级7 中号 =12.35年;等级9 中号 = 14.3年；71％的盎格鲁凯尔特人是从悉尼的独立学校招募的。自我参与男性行为的压力大于父母或同伴的压力。男性青少年报告说，父母有较高的压力要求其遵循性别顺从行为，而同龄人最大的避免性别不符合行为的自我和压力。女性青少年报告说，他们感到要遵守性别不合规行为的压力很大，而这种压力来自自我。另外，对于两个性别，自我感觉的压力与性别典型性最一致。这些发现凸显了自我期待对于与男性和女性行为有关的性别认知的重要性。