Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is related to immunological and microbial factors, with the possible implication of enteric viruses. We characterized the interaction between human noroviruses (HuNoVs) and blood group antigens in refractory CD and UC using HuNoV virus-like particles (VLPs) and histological tissues. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on inflammatory tissue samples from the small intestine, colon, and rectum in 15 CD and 9 UC patients. Analysis of the regenerative mucosa of the colon and rectum revealed strong expression of sialylated Lewis a (sLe^a) and Lewis x (sLe^x) antigens and HuNoV VLP binding in the absence of ABO antigen expression in both UC and CD. Competition experiments using sialidase, lectins, and monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that HuNoV attachment mostly involved Le^a and, to a lesser extent, Le^x moieties on regenerative mucosa in both UC and CD. Further studies will be required to understand the implications of specific HuNoV binding to regenerative mucosa in refractory IBD.

中文翻译：

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在难治性炎症性肠病期间，特定诺如病毒与 Lewis x 和 Lewis a 对人类肠道炎症黏膜的相互作用

炎症性肠病 (IBD) 包括克罗恩病 (CD) 和溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)，与免疫和微生物因素有关，可能与肠道病毒有关。我们使用 HuNoV 病毒样颗粒 (VLP) 和组织学组织表征了人类诺如病毒 (HuNoV) 与难治性 CD 和 UC 中血型抗原之间的相互作用。对来自 15 名 CD 和 9 名 UC 患者的小肠、结肠和直肠的炎症组织样本进行了免疫组织化学。结肠和直肠再生黏膜的分析显示唾液酸化的 Lewis a (sLe ^a ) 和 Lewis x (sLe ^x) 抗原和 HuNoV VLP 在 UC 和 CD 中没有 ABO 抗原表达的情况下结合。使用唾液酸酶、凝集素和单克隆抗体的竞争实验表明，HuNoV 附着主要涉及UC 和 CD 中再生粘膜上的Le ^a和在较小程度上涉及Le ^x部分。需要进一步的研究来了解特定的 HuNoV 与难治性 IBD 中的再生黏膜结合的影响。