It has been suggested in personality and emotion theories that traits can influence emotional states and behaviour through interpretive processes such as cognitive appraisals. The present study investigated the relationships between Big Five personality dimensions and the cognitive appraisal processes associated with challenge and threat states in a large sample of municipal firefighters. The study assessed the Big Five traits and cognitive appraisal tendencies using a new measure of challenge-threat appraisal that measured appraisals directly and aggregated both across stressful situations and within six specific stressor domains. The results indicated that the Big Five traits related to overall challenge-threat appraisal and their accompanying primary and secondary components in unique and compelling ways, with some traits related more strongly to primary appraisals of situational demands and others related more to secondary appraisals of coping abilities. Overall, the results provide insights into how personality traits are associated with stress-related emotional experiences.

中文翻译：

---

挑战与威胁评估的人格前因

在人格和情绪理论中已经提出，特质可以通过认知评估等解释过程影响情绪状态和行为。本研究在大量市政消防员样本中调查了大五人格维度与与挑战和威胁状态相关的认知评估过程之间的关系。该研究使用一种新的挑战-威胁评估方法来评估五大特征和认知评估倾向，该方法直接测量评估，并在压力情况下和六个特定的压力源领域内汇总评估。结果表明，五大特征以独特且引人注目的方式与整体挑战-威胁评估及其伴随的主要和次要组成部分相关，一些特征与情境需求的初级评估更密切相关，而另一些特征与应对能力的次级评估更相关。总体而言，结果提供了关于人格特质如何与压力相关的情绪体验相关的见解。