Resting EEG, measured in eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) states, can provide insight into behavioural differences between groups. Surprisingly, differences in resting EEG between females and males have not been investigated systematically in previous literature. The present study utilised the four traditional EEG bands to confirm their baseline EC topographies and reactivity (EO minus EC) across groups, to clarify topographical differences between sexes, and to confirm alpha as a measure of arousal. Participants were eighty healthy young adults (40 female), with a mean age of 20.4 (range 18–26) years. Continuous resting EEG was recorded from 30 scalp sites during three 2-minute conditions (EO1, EC, EO2), and EOG-corrected. Data from each condition were divided into 60 sequential 2-second epochs. Accepted artefact-free epochs were Fourier Transformed, and absolute amplitudes in the delta (0.5–3.5 Hz), theta (4.0–7.5 Hz), alpha (8.0–13.0 Hz), and beta (13.5–29.5 Hz) bands were calculated. Across groups in EC, significant topographical differences were found between the band amplitudes, broadly compatible with previous reports. Females had greater overall amplitudes in delta, alpha and beta, enhanced midline activity in theta, and parietal and midline activity in the alpha and beta bands. From EC to EO, reactivity was apparent across the bands as significant reductions, particularly in the parietal region. For females compared to males, the reduction in parietal midline delta and theta, parietal alpha and parietal midline beta was significantly larger. Additionally, across groups, alpha activity was confirmed as an inverse measure of arousal. These findings indicate significant differences in neuronal activity between young adult females and males, and help our interpretation of alpha changes.

在闭眼 (EC) 和睁眼 (EO) 状态下测量的静息 EEG 可以洞察各组之间的行为差​​异。令人惊讶的是，以前的文献中没有系统地研究女性和男性之间静息 EEG 的差异。本研究利用四个传统的 EEG 波段来确认他们的基线 EC 地形和反应性（EO 减去 EC），以澄清性别之间的地形差异，并确认 alpha 作为唤醒的衡量标准。参与者是 80 名健康的年轻人（40 名女性），平均年龄为 20.4 岁（18-26 岁）。在三个 2 分钟条件下（EO1、EC、EO2）从 30 个头皮部位记录连续静息 EEG，并进行 EOG 校正。来自每个条件的数据被分成 60 个连续的 2 秒时期。接受的无伪影时期是傅立叶变换，并计算了 delta (0.5–3.5 Hz)、theta (4.0–7.5 Hz)、alpha (8.0–13.0 Hz) 和 beta (13.5–29.5 Hz) 波段的绝对振幅。在 EC 的各个组中，在波段振幅之间发现了显着的地形差异，与之前的报告大致相符。女性在 delta、alpha 和 beta 中具有更大的整体振幅，theta 中线活动增强，以及 alpha 和 beta 波段中的顶叶和中线活动。从 EC 到 EO，整个波段的反应性明显降低，特别是在顶叶区域。与男性相比，女性的顶叶中线 delta 和 theta、顶叶 alpha 和顶叶中线 beta 的减少明显更大。此外，跨组，阿尔法活动被确认为唤醒的逆测量。这些发现表明年轻成年女性和男性之间的神经元活动存在显着差异，并有助于我们解释 alpha 变化。