The penetration of biological membranes is a prime obstacle for the delivery of pharmaceutical drugs. Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is an efficient vehicle that can deliver various cargos across the biological membranes. Since the discovery, CPPs have been rigorously studied to unveil the underlying penetrating mechanism as well as to exploit CPPs for various biomedical applications. This review will focus on the various strategies to overcome current limitations regarding stability, selectivity, and efficacy of CPPs.

中文翻译：

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克服当前穿透细胞肽的局限性的挑战

生物膜的渗透是药物输送的主要障碍。细胞穿透肽（CPP）是一种有效的载体，可以跨生物膜运送各种货物。自发现以来，已经对CPPs进行了严格的研究，以揭示其潜在的穿透机制，并为各种生物医学应用开发CPPs。这篇综述将集中在克服当前关于CPP稳定性，选择性和功效方面的局限性的各种策略。