Improved knowledge about reproductive patterns and potential in male wolves (i.e., testicular development and size relative to age, pubertal age, and seasonal effects) is needed for evaluation and monitoring of reproductive outcomes in populations. Reproductive organs from 215 male wolves, culled as a result of licensed hunting, protective culling or from carcasses found were examined. The testes and epididymis were weighed and measured. There were biopsy samples collected from the testes and the cauda epididymis for histological determinations if there were spermatozoa in tissues collected. There were reproductive tissue analyses of 197 males while there were separate evaluations of tissues from ten cryptorchid animals. Juvenile wolves (< 1 year, n = 47) had a lesser body mass and mean testes mass than subadult (1-2 years, n = 71) and adult (>2 years, n = 79) males. Season also affected testicular characteristics of structures evaluated with subadult and adult males having a lesser mass during summer months (May–August). Of the 197 males, 70% had spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules and the cauda epididymis and were classified as being ‘potentially fertile’ when tissues were collected, while 22% were classified as being non-fertile (no spermatozoa, including males that were pre-pubertal) and tissues of 8% could not be evaluated. When testes mass was greater, there was a greater likelihood that spermatozoa were present. There were seven of the ten cryptorchid males of the unilateral type. These testicular and epididymal findings will be useful for evaluating the reproductive potential and management of wolves in Scandinavia.

需要更多地了解雄性狼的生殖模式和潜力（即睾丸发育和大小相对于年龄、青春期年龄和季节性影响），以评估和监测种群的生殖结果。对 215 头公狼的生殖器官进行了检查，这些公狼因获得许可的狩猎、保护性扑杀或发现的尸体而被扑杀。称重并测量睾丸和附睾。从睾丸和附睾尾收集活检样本，用于组织学测定是否有收集的组织中有精子。对 197 只雄性进行了生殖组织分析，同时对 10 只隐睾动物的组织进行了单独评估。幼狼（<1岁，n = 47) 的体重和平均睾丸质量低于亚成人 ( 1-2 岁，n = 71) 和成人 (>2 岁，n = 79) 男性。季节也影响了在夏季（5 月至 8 月）期间质量较小的亚成年和成年男性的睾丸结构特征。在 197 名男性中，70% 的人在曲细精管和附睾尾处有精子，在收集组织时被归类为“潜在受孕者”，而 22% 被归类为不可受精者（没有精子，包括男性-青春期）和 8% 的组织无法评估。当睾丸质量更大时，存在精子的可能性更大。单侧型的十只隐睾雄性，有七只。这些睾丸和附睾的发现将有助于评估斯堪的纳维亚狼群的繁殖潜力和管理。