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Expression variations of two retinoid signaling pathway receptors in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus exposed to three endocrine disruptors
Ecotoxicology ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02339-5
C. Joaquim-Justo , E. Gismondi

Endocrine disruption compounds (EDC) are known to affect reproduction, development, and growth of exposed organisms. Although in vertebrates, EDCs mainly act through steroid receptors (e.g. androgen and estrogen receptors), their absence in many invertebrates suggests the involvement of another biological pathway in endocrine disruption effects. As retinoid signaling pathway is present in almost all Metazoa and its involvement in the endocrine disruption of gastropods (i.e. imposex) has been demonstrated, the present work was devoted to investigating the relative mRNA variations of two retinoid receptors genes, retinoid X receptor (RXR) and retinoid acid receptor (RAR), in the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus exposed for 6, 12 and 24 h to flutamide, fenitrothion and cyproterone acetate, three anti-androgens known to disrupt sexual reproduction of Brachionus sp. Results revealed that fenitrothion did not affect the relative mRNA levels RXR and RAR in B. calyciflorus, whereas RXR and RAR mRNA levels could be significantly increased by 2 to 4.5-fold and from 2 to 7-fold after exposure to flutamide and cyproterone acetate, respectively. Moreover, the effects of flutamide and cyproterone acetate were measured from 6 and 12 h of exposure, respectively. Cyproterone acetate caused the highest increase of RXR and RAR mRNA levels, probably due to its progestin activity in addition to its anti-androgenic activity and the potential presence of a membrane-associated progesterone receptor as reported in Brachionus manjavacas. Consequently, although it is still difficult to evaluate the hormonal pathways involved in the endocrine disruption in Brachionus sp., this work suggests that the retinoid signaling pathway appears to be a good starting point to try to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in sexual reproductive dysfunction in Brachionidae.



中文翻译:

暴露于三种内分泌干扰物的轮虫花椰菜轮虫中两个类维生素A信号通路受体的表达变化

内分泌干​​扰化合物(EDC)会影响暴露生物的繁殖,发育和生长。尽管在脊椎动物中,EDC主要通过类固醇受体(例如雄激素和雌激素受体)发挥作用,但在许多无脊椎动物中它们的缺失表明,另一种生物途径参与了内分泌干扰作用。由于类维生素A信号通路几乎存在于所有后生动物中,并且已经证明其参与腹足动物的内分泌破坏(即imposex),因此本研究致力于研究两个类维生素A受体基因,类维生素A X受体(RXR)的相对mRNA变异。和视黄酸受体(RAR),在淡水轮虫花椰菜在氟他胺,杀nitro硫磷和环丙孕酮中暴露6、12和24小时,这三种抗雄激素已知会破坏Brachionus sp。的有性繁殖。结果表明,杀nitro硫酮不影响花椰菜芽孢杆菌的相对mRNA水平RXR和RAR,而RXR和RAR mRNA的水平在分别暴露于氟他胺和醋酸环丙孕酮后可能分别增加2到4.5倍和2到7倍。此外,分别从暴露6小时和12小时测量了氟他胺和醋酸环丙孕酮的作用。醋酸环丙孕酮引起RXR和RAR mRNA水平的最高增加,可能是由于其抗孕激素活性以及其与膜结合的孕激素受体的潜在存在,以及其与黄体酮的活性有关。因此,尽管仍然难以评估与臂状支气管内分泌紊乱有关的激素途径。 sp。,这项工作表明,类维生素A信号通路似乎是试图阐明与臂状病毒科性生殖功能障碍有关的分子机制的良好起点。

更新日期:2021-01-14
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