A short-term incubation study was carried out to investigate the effects of different biochar (pyrochar and hydrochar) amendments on soil properties. Pyrochars and hydrochars derived from sewage sludge (P_SS and H_SS), poultry manure (P_PM and H_PM), and olive oil solid waste (P_OW and H_OW) through slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) were mixed with soil in three different doses (1, 2, and 4%) and subjected to a 120 day incubation period. Selected soil physical (water-stable aggregate [WSA]) and chemical (pH, EC [Electrical conductivity], CaCO₃, total N, soil organic matter [SOM], C:N ratio, and available P) were investigated at the end of incubation, while soil biological properties (urease [UR], alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and β-glucosidase [βG] enzyme activities) were evaluated in a time-course sampling, at 1, 60, and 120 days of the incubation. The results generally indicated that total N and soil available P contents were more responsive to pyrochars and hydrochars produced from different biomass wastes. All pyrochars showed significantly higher total N and available P over hydrochars depending on the application doses and only H_OW showed a prominent enhancement in SOM over P_OW. In general, soil ALP activity did not show distinct changes in pyrochar amended conditions, whereas it seemed to increase significantly by the amendments of hydrochars, especially H_SS (p < 0.05), over the control and application dose. The βG activity displayed a similar pattern with that of ALP activity in that increasing additions of hydrochars produced from all three waste biomasses significantly stimulated (p < 0.05) βG activity over those of their corresponding pyrochars. Unlike from ALP and βG activities, UR tended to decrease significantly (p < 0.05) in all pyrochar added treatments but depending on the waste biomass type and application dose; it showed different change patterns under hydrochar treatments. Overall, the results showed that the hydrochar obtained from HTC is more effective on the biological properties of soil compared to the biochar obtained by pyrolysis. On the other hand, it is possible to conclude that pyrochar was a very stable and recalcitrant C source than hydrochar according to microbial activities and could be an efficient, long-term strategy to sequester C in soils.

进行了一项短期孵化研究，以研究不同生物炭（焦炭和水炭）改良剂对土壤特性的影响。将污水污泥（P _SS和H _SS），家禽粪便（P _PM和H _PM）和橄榄油固体废物（P _OW和H _OW）中经过缓慢热解和热碳碳化（HTC）得到的焦炭和水炭与土壤混合以三种不同的剂量（1、2和4％）给药，并经过120天的孵育期。选定的土壤物理（水稳定集料[WSA]）和化学物质（pH，EC [电导率]，CaCO ₃孵化结束时，对土壤的总氮，总有机氮，土壤有机质[SOM]，C：N比和有效磷进行了研究，而土壤生物学特性（脲酶[UR]，碱性磷酸酶[ALP]和β-葡萄糖苷酶[βG]）在孵育的第1天，第60天和第120天，在时间过程中评估酶活性）。结果通常表明，总氮和土壤有效磷含量对不同生物质废物产生的焦炭和水炭反应更快。根据施用剂量，所有焦炭显示的总氮和有效磷明显高于水焦，只有H _OW的SOM显着高于P _OW。一般而言，土壤ALP活性在焦炭改良条件下没有显示出明显的变化，而 在控制和施用剂量下，似乎通过添加水炭，特别是H _SS（p <0.05）而显着增加。βG活性显示出与ALP活性相似的模式，因为与所有 相应的焦炭相比，从所有三种废物生物质中产生的碳氢化合物的添加量的增加显着刺激了（p <0.05）βG活性。与ALP和βG活性不同，UR倾向于显着降低（p <0.05）在所有添加焦炭的处理中，但取决于废物生物质的类型和施用剂量；在炭化处理下，其表现出不同的变化模式。总体而言，结果表明，与通过热解获得的生物炭相比，从HTC获得的水炭对土壤的生物学特性更有效。另一方面，根据微生物的活动，有可能得出结论，即焦炭比水炭是一种非常稳定和顽固的碳源，并且可能是一种有效的长期螯合土壤中C的策略。