We study the effect of the Bumblebee deviation parameter l $l$ on galactic scale by means of Relative Time Delay (RTD) caused by frame dragging effect. While weak field solar system tests have been fairly accurately measured leading to an exceedingly tiny upper limit l ≤ 10 − 13 $l\leq10^{-13}$ , measurements on the large astrophysical scale are yet unavailable, so we decided to keep l $l$ neither too tiny nor too large. The present work demonstrates a method of calculating the RTD as a diagnostic that could be profitably used in many other situations as well.

中文翻译：

---

大黄蜂重力的相对时间延迟

我们通过帧拖拽效应引起的相对时间延迟 (RTD) 研究了 Bumblebee 偏差参数 l$l$ 对银河系尺度的影响。虽然弱场太阳系测试已经得到相当准确的测量，导致一个非常小的上限 l ≤ 10 − 13 $l\leq10^{-13}$ ，但在大的天体物理尺度上的测量仍然不可用，所以我们决定保持$l$ 既不太小也不太大。目前的工作展示了一种计算 RTD 作为诊断的方法，该方法也可以在许多其他情况下有利可图。