Historians’ interest in the history of human migrations is not limited to recent years. Migrations had already figured as explanatory factors in connection with cultural and historical change in the work of classical and ancient studies scholars of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the writings of these scholars, migrations acted as historical landmarks or epochal thresholds and played a key role in the construction of geo‐historical areas. This model has been called “migrationism” and cannot be explained simply on the basis of the history of individual disciplines, but must be seen in its complex interaction with scientific and historical contexts. However, “migrationism” does not relate to fixed political and scientific positions or movements. For this reason, it cannot be explained adequately by using a historically or ideologically based approach. Relying on narratological approaches, this article examines migration narratives that historians of this period used to explain the rise and fall of ancient civilizations. Referring to contemporary historiographical representations of the ancient Near East, it distinguishes three main narratives that are still common today: narratives of foundation, narratives of destruction, and narratives of mixtures. In this sense, analyzing older migration narratives helps us to sharpen the critical view on the genealogy of our own views on the history—and present—of human migrations.

中文翻译：

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迁移与叙事：十九世纪和二十世纪初的欧洲历史学家如何讲述人类迁徙或沃克万德伦根的历史

历史学家对人类迁徙历史的兴趣不仅限于近年来。在十九世纪末至二十世纪初，古典和古代研究学者的工作已将迁移视为与文化和历史变化有关的解释性因素。在这些学者的著作中，迁徙充当了历史地标或时代的门槛，并在地理历史区域的建设中发挥了关键作用。这种模式被称为“移民主义”，不能仅仅根据个别学科的历史来解释，而必须在其与科学和历史环境的复杂相互作用中加以观察。但是，“移民主义”与固定的政治和科学立场或运动无关。为此原因，不能使用基于历史或意识形态的方法对其进行充分解释。依靠叙事学方法，本文考察了这一时期历史学家用来解释古代文明兴衰的移民叙事。在谈到古代近东的当代史学表现形式时，它区分了当今仍很常见的三种主要叙事：基础叙事，破坏叙事和混合叙事。从这个意义上讲，分析较旧的移民叙事有助于我们加强对自己关于人类移民历史和现在的观点的家谱的批判性观点。本文研究了这段时期的历史学家用来解释古代文明兴衰的移民叙事。在谈到古代近东的当代史学表现形式时，它区分了当今仍很常见的三个主要叙事：基础叙事，破坏叙事和混合叙事。从这个意义上讲，分析较旧的移民叙事有助于我们加强对自己关于人类移民历史和现在的观点的家谱的批判性观点。本文研究了这段时期的历史学家用来解释古代文明兴衰的移民叙事。在谈到古代近东的当代史学表现形式时，它区分了当今仍很常见的三个主要叙事：基础叙事，破坏叙事和混合叙事。从这个意义上讲，分析较旧的移民叙事有助于我们加强对自己关于人类移民历史和现在的观点的家谱的批判性观点。