We examine the role of a norm protecting women in understanding third‐party partisanship in verbal and violent disputes. Our analyses are based on reports provided by male inmates and men they know who have never been arrested. The results show that third parties are more likely to support female adversaries than male adversaries. The gender effect is stronger when we control for the relational distance between adversaries, which indicates that a privacy norm might inhibit this normative protection. The gender effect is somewhat weaker when we control for the relative physical size of the adversaries, which indicates that a general norm protecting vulnerable people partly explains the gender effect. The strong gender effect that remains, however, demonstrates the importance of the normative protection of women, regardless of relative size, during disputes. The results have implications for research on situational factors in violence and violence against women.

中文翻译：

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立场：争议中的性别与第三方党派关系

我们研究了保护妇女在理解口头和暴力争端中的第三方党派关系方面的作用。我们的分析基于男性囚犯和他们认识的从未被捕的男人提供的报告。结果表明，与男性对手相比，第三方更有可能支持女性对手。当我们控制对手之间的关系距离时，性别效应会更强，这表明隐私规范可能会抑制这种规范性保护。当我们控制对手的相对身体尺寸时，性别效应会更弱，这表明保护弱势群体的一般准则部分解释了性别效应。但是，仍然存在着强烈的性别影响，这表明无论性别多少，规范保护妇女的重要性，在争执中。该结果对有关暴力和对妇女的暴力中的情境因素的研究具有启示意义。