This paper provides the first detailed excavation report published for an Aboriginal stone house from south‐west Victoria. Stone house sites have generated considerable debate in Australian archaeology in terms of late Holocene intensification and claims for village‐scale settlements and sedentism. Fine‐grained excavation of KSH‐1 within the Budj Bim (stony rises) cultural landscape revealed house construction directly on to lava bedrock. Shallow sediments contained numerous flaked flint and bottle glass artefacts, and a remarkable cache of 34 iron nails. Taphonomic analysis suggests that most, if not all, stone artefacts (including a backed artefact) predate the contact objects and possibly construction of the stone house. Low quantities of cultural materials and large glass artefacts lying horizontally at various levels suggest multiple, short‐term occupation events. Dating of metal objects to c.1840–1870 points to occupation during the period of violent resistance to European pastoral invasion in the 1840s and/or during the subsequent period of negotiated resistance while living and working on pastoral properties during the 1850s and 1860s. Key challenges for future excavations are documenting stone houses dating unambiguously to before European contact and determining how their history of use integrates with the development of eel trapping facilities over the past 6600 years.

中文翻译：

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Kurtonitj石屋：维多利亚西南部Gunditjmara国家/地区发掘的19世纪中叶边疆遗址

本文提供了第一份详细的挖掘报告，该报告是为维多利亚西南部的一所原住民石屋发布的。在晚期全新世集约化以及对村庄规模的定居和久坐的主张方面，石屋遗址引起了澳大利亚考古学的广泛争论。在Budj Bim（陡峭的上升）文化景观中对KSH-1进行细粒度的挖掘表明房屋建筑直接位于熔岩基岩上。浅层沉积物包含许多片状的火石和玻璃瓶伪像，以及大量34个铁钉。音速分析表明，大多数（如果不是全部）石头人工制品（包括带后背的人工制品）早于接触物体以及可能建造的石屋。少量的文化材料和水平放置在不同水平的大型玻璃人工制品表明，短期职业事件。金属制品的年代大约在1840年至1870年，这表明在1840年代对欧洲牧民入侵的暴力抵抗时期和/或随后的在1850年代和1860年代居住和从事牧业工作的协商抵抗的随后时期。未来发掘的主要挑战是明确记录可追溯至欧洲接触之前的石屋，并确定其使用历史如何与过去6600年的鳗鱼捕捞设施的发展融为一体。